Castleman Disease : Symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

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CASTLEMAN DISEASE

• SYMPTOMS CAUSES DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT

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INTRODUCTION TO CASTLEMAN DISEASE

• Castleman Disease is a rare disease in which the
  body's disease-fighting network (lymphatic
  system) contains more than required cells
  (overgrowth of cells). It is also known as giant
  lymph node hyperplasia and angiofollicular lymph
  node hyperplasia. Castleman disease can occur in
  a unicentric (localized) or multicentric
  (widespread) form. Multicentric Castleman
  disease can be life-threatening because sometimes
  it is linked with HIV infection. It is also
  associated with other cell-proliferation
  disorders, including cancer of the lymphatic
  system (lymphoma), Kaposi's sarcoma and POEMS
  syndrome.

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SYMPTOMS OF CASTLEMAN DISEASE

• Most patients suffering from unicentric Castleman
  disease don't notice any signs or symptoms. The
  affected lymph node is usually located in the
  chest, neck or abdomen. Signs and symptoms
  includeA feeling of fullness or pressure in the
  chest or abdomen that can cause difficulty
  breathing or eating
• An enlarged lump under the skin in the neck,
  groin or armpit
• Unexpected weight loss
• Less commonly, fever, night sweats and weakness

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SYMPTOMS OF MULTICENTRIC CASTLEMAN DISEASE 

• Fever
• Night sweats
• Fatigue and weakness
• Loss of appetite
• Unexpected weight loss
• Enlarged lymph nodes, usually around the neck,
  collarbone, underarm and groin areas
• Enlarged liver or spleen
• Skin rash
• Nerve damage in the hands and feet that leads to
  numbness

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DIAGNOSIS OF CASTLEMAN DISEASE 

• Blood and urine tests This is to help rule out
  the possibility of other infections or diseases.
  These tests can also reveal anemia and abnormaliti
  es in blood proteins.
• Imaging tests They are performed to detect
  enlarged lymph nodes, liver or spleen. Along with
  these, CT scan or MRI of your neck, chest,
  abdomen and pelvis may be used.
• Lymph node biopsy It is done to differentiate
  Castleman disease from other types of lymphatic
  tissue disorders, such as lymphoma. A tissue
  sample from an enlarged lymph node is removed and
  taken to a lab for testing.

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TREATMENT OF CASTLEMAN DISEASE 

• Unicentric Castleman disease It can be cured by
  surgically removing the diseased lymph node. A
  major operation may be needed if the lymph node
  is in your chest or abdomen. If surgical removal
  isn't possible, medicines may be used to shrink
  the lymph node following a radiation
  therapy. Multicentric Castleman
  disease Normally, surgery is not the
  right treatment for multicentric Castleman
  disease because of the number of lymph nodes
  involved. However, surgery may be required to
  remove an enlarged spleen. Treatment generally
  involves medications and other therapies to
  manage cell overgrowth including

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CONTINUE - TREATMENT OF CASTLEMAN DISEASE 

• Monoclonal antibodies, to block the action of the
  IL-6 protein that contributes to cell overgrowth.
• Chemotherapy, to slow overgrowth of lymphatic
  cells.
• Corticosteroids, to control swelling.
• Antiviral drugs, to block the activity of HHV-8
  or HIV if you have one or both of those viruses.
• Thalidomide, to block the action of the IL-6
  protein.
• A diagnosis of Castleman disease can be
  demanding because the condition is uncommon and
  often occurs with other serious illnesses, such
  as HIV/AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma.

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