Pneumothorax : causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

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PNEUMOTHORAX

• Causes symptoms treatments

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INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMOTHRAX

• Pleural cavity is a latent closed space, in which
  there is no air
• The total gas pressure of capillaries is 706
  mmHg, 54 mmHg less than atmosphere
• Pneumothrax is defined as air in the pleural
  space
• That is, air between the lung and chest wall, or
  in other term, air between the visceral pleura
  and the parietal pleura

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CAUSES OF PNEUMOTHRAX

• Pneumothrax can be caused by a chest injury,
  Underlying lung disease or ruptured air
  blisters.
• Pneumothrax also can occur for no obvious
  reason.
• Chest injuries Any blunt or penetrating injury
  to your chest can cause lung collapse, Some
  injuries may happen during physical assaults or
  car crashes, while others may inadvertently occur
  during certain medical procedure.

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SYMPTOMS OF PNEUMOTHRAX

• The symptoms depend on the amount of air trapped
  outside the lung. The following list gives the
  common symptoms 
• Severe chest pain that gives a feeling of getting
  stabbed.
• Patient may feel breathless or face shortness of
  breath.
• Skin colour becomes bluish, due to lack of
  oxygen.
• Low blood pressure
• Stress and anxiety
• Cough
• Fatigue

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DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMOTHRAX

• Acute pulmonary embolism
• May resent in identical fashion but without
  radiographic findings
• Acute pleural irritation from any cause
• Pneumonia, tumor, etc. (most have rediographic
  findings)
• Acute myocardial infarction
• Axis deviation, decrease QRS voltage, and T-wave
  inversion may occur due to mechanical
  desplacement of heart, increased intrathoracic
  air, acute RV overload, or hypoxia

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TREATMENTS FOR PNEUMOTHRAX

• The purpose of treating a pneumothorax is to
  relieve the pressure on the lung, by removing the
  air and hence allowing it to re-expand, and to
  prevent recurrences. The best method fro
  achieving this depends on the severity of the
  lung collapse and on the patient's overall health
• Surgery is advises as the definitive management.
  In most cases, the surgery can be performed
  through small key hole incisions, using a tiny
  fiber optic camera and narrow, long handled
  surgical tools. This is known as Video Assisted
  Thoracic surgery/Thoracoscopic Surgery.

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