Gender and Power

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Background ? Gender and Power As a nursing issue.

• Part I

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Question

• Select the best answer. The nursing profession
  is considered gendered because
• Even though there are fewer male nurses than
  female nurses, male nurses tend to get promotions
  easier and earn higher wages
• Florence Nightingale believed nurses should be
  subordinates of physicians
• Nursing professional bodies are more
  representative of women than men
• Social discourse has taught the general public
  nurses role are womens role

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Correct!

• Good job!
• D) Social discourse has taught the general public
  nurses role are womens role
• Continue?

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Wrong Answer!

• Better luck next time!
• Correct answer is
• D) Social discourse has taught the general public
  nurses role are womens role

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Implications of Feminine Influence on Nursing
History

• Thanks to Florence Nightingale, Nursing became a
  great career option for women in the 19th
  century, however, she also emphasized the female
  virtues that are needed for the nursing
  profession that now became entrenched as part of
  our social construction. Florence Nightingale
  believed that gentleness and quietness were
  required for nurses. (MacIntyre McDonald,
  2010).
• Nurses from the 1960s and earlier are often
  trained to believe that nursing virtues included
  showing unquestioning deference to physicians
  standing when physicians entered the room,
  vacating chairs and opening doors for them, as
  well as obediently, even unthinkingly carrying
  out physicians orders (MacIntyre McDonald,
  2010)
• This has created a culture of subordination among
  nurses and at one point, the health care model
  was based on a family model in which the
  dominant father role were played by male
  doctors the maternal role played by female
  nurses and the child role played by patients.
  (Davis, 2013).
• Fortunately, this is no longer the model today,
  however, societys skewed gender and nursing role
  perceptions continues to persist.
• Plays a role in marginalizing nurses amongst
  health care professionals due to the early
  influence in thinking that nurses should be
  subordinates

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Question

• Which of the following is an example of gender?
• XX denotes female XY denotes male genetically
• Collines biological sex is female
• Bob identifies himself as a man even though he
  was born a female
• The babys ultrasound shows male anatomy

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Correct!

• Good job!
• C) Bob identifies himself as a man even though he
  was born a female
• Continue?

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Wrong Answer

• Better luck next time!
• Correct answer is
• C) Bob identifies himself as a man even though he
  was born a female

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Gender ? NURsing knowledge? Practice Standards

• Part II

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Question

• Select the correct response. Contemporary
  nursings body of knowledge consists of
• Equal representation of both male and female
  perspectives in nursing theories.
• A curriculum dominated by the medical model.
• Registration, legislation and professionalism
  because it defines the scope of practice, code of
  conduct, and self governance.
• CNO professional standards that address only the
  female gender within the nursing profession.

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Correct!

• Good Job!
• C) Registration, legislation and professionalism
  because it defines the scope of practice, code of
  conduct, and self governance.
• Continue ?

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Wrong Answer!

• Better luck next time!
• The correct answer is
• C) Registration, legislation and professionalism
  because it defines the scope of practice, code of
  conduct, and self governance.

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How Do Various nursing organizations address
Gender inequity as a Nursing issue?

• Part III

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Nursing Organizations Summary
Org. Stance in addressing the Issue of Gender in Nursing Strategies/ Approach
CNO Nurses should have the clients best interest in mind, which includes ensuring the gender equality and equity of clients in nursing practice Provides nursing profession statement in response to gender issues in nursing practice and politics Provides nurses with practice standards and guidelines (which also addresses gender equity and equality) with the aim of protecting the public
RNAO The nursing profession should respect sexual orientation and gender identities in both the clients that they serve and nurses within the profession. Offers best practice guidelines for nursing practice regarding gender-sensitive, and gender-specific topics Interest group for Men in Nursing to address biases men face as nurses in Ontario lobbies the provincial government for legislative changes to support gender equality
ONA ONA advocates on behalf of all nurses in Ontario on gender issues and in promoting gender equality at work Makes submissions to influence provincial government policy-making and legislative process to promote employment equity for both genders Protects nurses right to equal opportunities regardless of gender
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Question

• Which of the following is false
• Phil Barker is the first prominent male nursing
  theorist
• CNA provides gender sensitive training as part of
  their certificate courses
• ICN believes both genders should have equal
  opportunities for pay equity and access to
  employment in nursing globally
• Gender does not impact components of professional
  and therapeutic relationships

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Correct !

• Good job!
• The correct false answer is
• D) Gender does not impact components of
  professional and therapeutic relationships
• Continue?

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Wrong Answer

• Better luck next time!
• Correct false answer
• D) Gender does not impact components of
  professional and therapeutic relationships

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Gender ? Therapeutic Relationships ? Professional
Relationships

• Part IV

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Question

• Which of the following is true regarding the
  therapeutic relationship between nurses ,
  clients, and the interprofessional team?
• Nurses achieve therapeutic relationships by
  building the relationship solely with the patient
  and nobody else
• Gender affects nurses ability to form and
  maintain professional relationships
• Gender of the patient doesnt affect nurse-client
  relationships
• Clients prefer their questions answered by
  physicians rather than nurses and receive care
  from male nurses instead of female nurses.

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Correct!

• Good job!
• Gender does affects the nurses ability to form
  and maintain professional relationships by
  influencing components of the professional
  relationship, such as trust, respect, positive
  role modeling and communication.
• Continue ?

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Wrong Answer

• Better luck next time!
• Correct answer
• B) Gender affects nurses ability to form and
  maintain professional relationships

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Question

• Which of the following is true on gender and
  power in nursing?
• Nurses feel their care is being judged by the
  quality of their work rather than being judged by
  their gender
• Female nurses will work harder to get promoted
• Gender disparities do not affect nurse client
  therapeutic relationships
• The nursing profession is recognized as a
  non-gendered profession due to the work of RNAO

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Correct!

• Good job!
• B) Female nurses will work harder to get promoted
• Continue?

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Wrong Answer

• Better luck next time!
• The Correct answer is
• B) Female nurses will work harder to get promoted

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References

• Anthony, S. E., Landeen, J. (2009). Evolution
  of Canadian nursing curricula A critical
  retrospective analysis of power and caring.
  International Journal of Nursing Education
  Scholarship, 18(6), 1-16.
• Armour, M., Staton, P. A. (1992). Canadian
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  istorytimeline.html
• Canadian Nurses Association (2013). CNA
  celebrates National Womens Day. Retrieved from
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  tent/pdf-en/international_womens_day_2013_letter_e
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• Canadian Nurses Students Association (2013). CNSA
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• College of Nurses of Ontario. (2002). Practice
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• College of Nurses of Ontario. (2006). Practice
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  herapeutic.pdf
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  trytopracitic_final.pdf
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• Davis, C. (2013). Men in nursing past, present,
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References

• Ekstrom, D. N. (1999). Gender and perceived nurse
  caring in nurse-patient dyads. Journal of
  Advanced Nursing, 29(6), 1393-1401.
• Gruending, D. L. (1985). Nursing theory a
  vehicle of professionalization. Journal of
  Advanced Nursing, 10, 553-558.
• International Council of Nurses. (2009). Nursing
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  17a_FS-Equal_Opportunity.pdf
• International Council of Nurses. (2015). The ICN
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• McIntyre, M., McDonald, C. (Eds.). (2014).
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• Muench, U., Sindelar, J., Busch, S. H.,
  Buerhaus, P. I. (2015). Salary differences
  between male and female registered nurses
  in the United States. JAMA, 313(12), 1265.
• O'Lynn, C. E., Tranbarger, R. E. (2007). Men in
  nursing history, challenges, and opportunities.
  New York, NY Springer.
• ONA. (2017). About ONA Vision, Mission and
  History. Retrieved from https//www.ona.org/about
  - ona/our-vision-mission-and-history/
• Porter, S. (1992). Women in a women's job the
  gendered experience of nurses. Sociology of
  Health and Illness,14(4), 510-527.

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References

• Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (2009).
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  http//minig.rnao.ca/background
• Registered Nurses Association of Ontario
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