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 PHI 208 Entire Course ( 4 Papers for each
Assignment, 2 Finals DQs Quiz)
PHI 208 Final Exam 50 Questions (2 Set)  PHI 208
Week 1 Assignment Ethical Questions (Physician
Assisted Suicide Be Legal)  PHI 208 Week 3
Assignment Applying an Ethical Theory (Physician
Assisted Suicide Be Legal)  PHI 208 Week 5 Final
Paper (Should Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal)
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 PHI 208 Final Exam 50 Questions (2 Set)
 This Tutorial contains 2 Set of Final Exam (50
Question each)   Question 1.      Question
        Which of the following would be an idea
shared both by the teacher (Kevin Kline) from the
clip of The Emperors Club, and by either
MacIntyre or Aristotle (or both)?
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PHI 208 Week 1 Assignment Ethical Questions
(Equal Pay for Equal Work)
Ethical Questions. Please read these assignment
instructions before writing your paper, and re-
read them often during and after the writing
process to make sure that you are fulfilling all
of the instructions. Please also utilize the
assignment guidance, the modeled example, and the
outline provided. Overview
5
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 PHI 208 Week 1 Assignment Ethical Questions
(Gender Equality Ethics)
Ethical Questions. Please read these assignment
instructions before writing your paper, and re-
read them often during and after the writing
process to make sure that you are fulfilling all
of the instructions. Please also utilize the
assignment guidance, the modeled example, and the
outline provided. Overview
6
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 PHI 208 Week 1 Assignment Ethical Questions
(Just War Military Ethics)
Ethical Questions. Please read these assignment
instructions before writing your paper, and re-
read them often during and after the writing
process to make sure that you are fulfilling all
of the instructions. Please also utilize the
assignment guidance, the modeled example, and the
outline provided. Overview
7
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 PHI 208 Week 1 Assignment Ethical Questions
(Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal)
Ethical Questions. Please read these assignment
instructions before writing your paper, and re-
read them often during and after the writing
process to make sure that you are fulfilling all
of the instructions. Please also utilize the
assignment guidance, the modeled example, and the
outline provided. Overview
8
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PHI 208 Week 1 Discussion (argument against
relativism)
 What do you believe is the strongest argument
against relativism that was presented the
readings for the week?  Outline the argument
presenting the reasons the author gives for
thinking that relativism is inadequate.  Finally,
discuss relativism with your classmates in
general.  What are some relativistic beliefs you
have held? 
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PHI 208 Week 1 Discussion (Mary Midgley and
James)
What are some relativistic beliefs that you have
or that you find in society? What are those
ethical beliefs and how do people justify those
beliefs? Using the articles from Mary Midgley
and James Rachels, present a critique of those
relativistic beliefs. What reasons do you have
for thinking that these beliefs are not
consistent.
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PHI 208 Week 1 Discussion (ring of Gyges)
In the excerpt from the Republic the example of
the ring of Gyges is used to claim that humans
only act morally because of fear that they will
be caught. Present an example of someone being
morally good out of fear and then present an
example of someone being morally good out of an
inherent desire to act in a specific way.
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PHI 208 Week 1 Discussion (Slavery)
Slavery has been practiced world-wide since the
earliest days of humanity and is still practiced
in parts of the world even today. Even the Bible
condones slavery. Yet today in America most
people think that slavery is absolutely morally
wrong. Polygamy has been practiced world-wide
since the earliest days and is still practiced in
parts of the world even today. Some major
religions require polygamy.
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PHI 208 Week 1 Quiz
1.         Question         In Active and
Passive Euthanasia, Rachels claims that when
infants with Downs syndrome are denied necessary
operations, the reason is typically 2.        
Question         In Active and Passive
Euthanasia, Rachels concludes that
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PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion (Understanding
Philosophy)
Using at least one quote from chapter six of
Understanding Philosophy, describe the core
principle of utilitarianism and discuss the
problem of the tyranny of the majority.  Find a
real example of a current or past social
practice, (or create your own fictional example)
that illustrates this problem. 
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PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 1 (basic principle of
equality)
Singer reasons for what he calls the basic
principle of equality. What is this principle
and how is it supposed to be applied? What
reasoning does he give that this principle should
be applied to non-human animals? Do you agree? On
what basis do you think we should determine which
types of beings should be treated with equal
moral consideration?
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PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 1 (Tom Regan and Peter
Singer)
Tom Regan and Peter Singer disagree about the
best approach to animal ethics. What basic things
do they agree about? What do they disagree
about? How would their different views result in
different conclusions about how animals should be
treated?
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PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 1 Peter Singer and
Animal Rights
Peter Singer argues that eating meat
is speciesism because it involves sacrificing the
most important interests of members of other
species for relatively trivial interests of our
own species. Do you think Singer is correct or
incorrect on this point? Is "speciesism" a real
thing like racism or sexism? Why or why not?
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PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Drones)
After watching the videos Drones are Ethical
and Drones are Not Ethical, provide at least
one argument to show that the use of drones can
be justified by utilitarian reasoning. And one
argument to show that the use of drones cannot be
justified by such reasoning.
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PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Primary Goal)
If the primary goal of utilitarianism is to
generate the greatest good for the greatest
number, a secondary goal is to minimize
suffering. Using at least one quote from one of
the required readings, discuss the ways in which
these two principles are consistent or
inconsistent with each other.
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PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Singer and Moral
Justification)
Singer argues that there is no moral
justification for denying moral consideration to
animals. Can you think of a good moral reason why
our moral consideration should include all
humans, even those without the ability to reason,
yet be denied to all non-human animals (some of
whom have that ability)?
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PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Tom Regan)
Tom Regan says that we all have equal inherent
value by virtue of being experiencing subjects
of a life. What does it mean to be an
experiencing subject of a life? Do you think
that being the subject of a life means that one
has equal inherent value? Does it follow from
that view that animals should be given rights to
life and freedom?
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PHI 208 Week 2 Quiz
1.         Question         According to the
video Meet Your Meat, which of the following is
true of how animals are slaughtered on factory
farms 2.         Question         In what way
does Peter Singer think that speciesism is
similar to racism and sexism?
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PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical
Theory (Equal Pay for Equal Work)
 Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these
assignment instructions before writing your
paper, and re-read them often during and after
the writing process to make sure that you are
fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
model provided. Overview
23
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PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical
Theory (Gender Equality Ethics)
Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these
assignment instructions before writing your
paper, and re-read them often during and after
the writing process to make sure that you are
fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
model provided. Overview
24
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PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical
Theory (Just War Military Ethics)
Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these
assignment instructions before writing your
paper, and re-read them often during and after
the writing process to make sure that you are
fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
model provided. Overview
25
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PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical
Theory (Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal)
Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these
assignment instructions before writing your
paper, and re-read them often during and after
the writing process to make sure that you are
fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
model provided. Overview
26
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PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Hero)
Think of someone real or fictional whom some
people regard as a hero for helping others,
stopping something bad or evil, and so forth,
even though by doing so they violated what would
normally be considered a moral rule (focus on
morality don't simply think of someone who broke
the law).
27
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PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Kant Right Action)
Kant famously states that the only thing good
without qualification is a good will. On this
basis, he holds that we can do the right action
but not out of a good will, and that only actions
done from a good will are morally praiseworthy.
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PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Kants formulations)
One of Kants formulations of the Categorical
Imperative says that one should always treat
humanity, whether in oneself or in another,
always as an end and never merely as a means.
Briefly explain what that means. Consider a
specific example from the world of business,
either one that you have directly encountered or
one you heard or read about, in which a company
honored this principle, and consider another
example in which a company failed to honor this
principle.
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PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Morally Permissible to
lie)
Is it ever morally permissible to lie to
someone? Describe a circumstance in which it
seems that lying might make more people happy
than telling the truth. Would lying be the right
thing to do in that circumstance, or is it our
moral duty to tell the truth, even then?
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PHI 208 Week 3 Quiz
1.         Question         Michael Walzer
argues that in the unique world of war, both
morality and authority are 2.         Question
        Nagels argument in War and Massacre
that hostility or aggression should be directed
at its true object means that which of the
following would probably not be permissible?
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PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Aristotle)
Aristotle says that the virtues are necessary for
humans to attain happiness, but he means this in
terms of something we might call flourishing or
living well, which he considers quite different
than simply feeling good.
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PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Aristotles account of
eudaimonia)
Is it possible for individuals to flourish if
others with whom they are connected are not also
flourishing? Consider this with respect to
Aristotles account of eudaimonia, as well as the
other readings and media. Identify a community
or practice in which you are involved in which
the flourishing of the individual is tied to the
flourishing of others.
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PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Aristotles virtue
ethics)
An important aspect of Aristotles virtue ethics
is the idea that virtues are habits that we
acquire over time, and like any habit, virtues
affect not just what we do, but our desires and
emotions as well. 
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PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (flourishing or
successful life)
What are two virtues that you believe are
important to living a flourishing or successful
life in either Aristotles sense?  Explain what
goods in human life these virtues enable their
possessor to fulfill.  Provide examples of
characteristic behavior that manifests these
virtues, and contrast that with behavior that
displays a lack of virtue. 
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 PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Impact on the
Environment)
Identify an area of life that has an impact on
the environment (including non-human animals),
and explain how the possession or lack of virtue
may make a difference to how one conducts oneself
within that practice with respect to that
environmental impact.
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PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (MacIntyre's account of
practices)
Referring to MacIntyre's account of practices and
virtue, outline a practice in your own life that
you believe requires certain virtues in order to
do well. Explain what the practice is, what the
"internal goods" of the practice are and how they
differ from certain"external goods"
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PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (virtuous soldier)
What does it mean to be a virtuous soldier?
Identify three virtues that a soldier needs in
order to be an excellent soldier and then explain
why. Create a scenario that a soldier might face
during war or some other stressful event, and
explain what the virtuous soldier would do in the
situation, and which specific virtues the soldier
would demonstrate.
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PHI 208 Week 4 Quiz
1.         Question         In Ideals of Human
Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments,
Thomas Hill claims that a fruitful way to think
about the badness of destroying the environment
is 2.         Question         In the article
Magnanimity and Integrity as Military Virtues,
Robinson agrees with Aquinas idea that
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PHI 208 Week 5 Discussion (Condition for men and
women)
Using the readings and media from the
week, explain how society creates different
conditions for men and women.  Identify and
explain at least two ways in which society is
structured such that men and women are treated
differently and explain why this treatment is
just or unjust.  
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PHI 208 Week 5 Discussion (feminist ethical
thinking)
Describe the ethical theory that you have studied
in this course that differs the most from what
you consider to be feminist ethical thinking.
Utilizing the readings and media from the course,
explain specific components of the theories that
demonstrate the differences between the theory
you choose and feminist theory.
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PHI 208 Week 5 Discussion (Virginia Helds
article)
Using Virginia Helds article Feminist
Transformations of Ethical Theory as a
foundation, explain three things that you did not
know about feminist thought that you found
interesting and/or informative. What were those
things? Why are they interesting or informative?
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PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Equal Pay for Equal
Work)
Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these
assignment instructions before writing your
paper, and re-read them often during and after
the writing process to make sure that you are
fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
model provided
43
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PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Gender Equality
Ethics)
Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these
assignment instructions before writing your
paper, and re-read them often during and after
the writing process to make sure that you are
fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
model provided.
44
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PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Gender Equality
Ethics)
Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these
assignment instructions before writing your
paper, and re-read them often during and after
the writing process to make sure that you are
fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
model provided.
45
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PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Should Physician
Assisted Suicide Be Legal)
Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these
assignment instructions before writing your
paper, and re-read them often during and after
the writing process to make sure that you are
fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also
utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined
model provided.
46
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PHI 208 Week 5 Quiz
1.         Question         In Feminist
Transformation of Moral Theory, Virginia Held
claims that which abstract concept has guided the
development of Western ethics? 2.        
Question         In Carol Gilligans example
from In a Different Voice, the child named Amy
focuses on which aspect of the Heinz dilemma?
47
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PHI 208 Week 5 Quiz
1.         Question         In Feminist
Transformation of Moral Theory, Virginia Held
claims that which abstract concept has guided the
development of Western ethics? 2.        
Question         In Carol Gilligans example
from In a Different Voice, the child named Amy
focuses on which aspect of the Heinz dilemma?
48
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