Fungal Nail Infection: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

1
FUNGAL NAIL INFECTION

• SYMPTOMS CAUSES DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT

2
INTRODUCTION TO FUNGAL NAIL INFECTION

• A fungal nail infection occurs due to the
  overgrowth of fungi on the toenail, fingernail,
  or under the toe of the nail known as nail bed.
• Fungal nail infection is not a serious problem,
  but may hamper the appearance of nail and cause
  damage to the nails.
• Fungal nail infection is highly contagious and
  can spread easily to healthy person from an
  infected person.
• Fungal nail infection occurs more in toenails
  than fingernails. 

3
CAUSES OF FUNGAL NAIL INFECTION

• The overgrowth of fungi in the nails is one of
  the most common causes of fungal nail infection.
• Fungi are already present on our bodies, but
  become active when we come in contact with the
  person who has a fungal nail infection.
• Living in warm and moist temperature may also
  cause fungal nail infection as fungi flourishes
  under warm temperature.
• The risk of developing a fungal nail infection
  also increases if anyone in the family has fungal
  nail infection.

4
SYMPTOMS OF FUNGAL NAIL INFECTION

• The common symptoms of fungal nail infection
  include 
• Turning of nail color into pale yellow
• Broken or brittle nails
• Formation of debris under the nail
• White spots on the nail
• Damaged nail surface
• Pain in the nails
• Loss of nail
• Odor from the infected nail
• Scaling under the nail

5
RISK FACTORS FOR FUNGAL NAIL INFECTION

• These are some of the few factors that increase
  the chance of developing a fungal nail infection
• Weak immune system
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• Wearing artificial nails
• Poor circulation of blood
• People older than 60
• Living in hot and humid weather
• Nail injury

6
DIAGNOSIS OF FUNGAL NAIL INFECTION

• A dermatologist will start the diagnosis of
  fungal nail infection by performing a physical
  exam and asking about your medical history. Lab
  tests to examine fungal nail infection include 
• Potassium hydroxide test to check for
  the development of fungi on the nails.
• Nail biopsy includes taking the sample of the
  affected tissue and observing it under the
  microscope.
• Fungal culture test to check for the growth of
  fungi on the nails.

7
TREATMENT OF FUNGAL NAIL INFECTION

• Anti-fungal medicines such as diflucan, gris-peg,
  and lamisil may be given to a patient to slow
  down fungal nail infection.
• A dermatologist may also prescribe antifungal
  gels and creams to prevent fungal nail infection
  from developing further.
• Sometime he may have to perform a nail removal
  surgery. A patient with fungal nail infection can
  also apply tea tree oil or neem oil directly over
  the affected area to get rid of fungal nail
  infection.
• Keep the nails trimmed and clean to prevent
  the recurrence of fungal nail infection. 

8
PREVENTING FUNGAL NAIL INFECTION

• Wear socks to avoid moisture
• Use antifungal soap for cleaning the fungal nail
  infection
• Avoid the use of artificial nails and nail polish
• Do not share your own items for manicure or
  pedicure
• Keep the areas between nails dry

9
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