Best Brain Tumor Surgery Hospitals in India

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Best Brain Tumor Surgery Hospitals in India
Overview A brain tumor is a growth of abnormal
cells in the tissues of the brain. Brain tumors
can be benign, with no cancer cells, or
malignant, with cancer cells that grow quickly.
Some are primary brain tumors, which start in the
brain. Others are metastatic, and they start
somewhere else in the body and move to the brain

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• Brain Tumors can cause many symptoms. Some of the
  most common are-
• Headaches, often in the morning
• Nausea and vomiting
• Changes in your ability to talk, hear, or see
• Problems with balance or walking
• Problems with thinking or memory
• Feeling weak or sleepy
• Changes in your mood or behavior
• Seizures
• Doctors diagnose brain tumors by doing a
  neurologic exam and tests including an MRI, CT
  scan, and biopsy. Treatment options include
  watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy,
  chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Targeted
  therapy uses substances that attack cancer cells
  without harming normal cells. Many people get a
  combination of treatments.

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• Brain Tumor Diagnosis-
• To find the cause of your symptoms, your doctor
  will ask about your personal and family medical
  history and perform a complete physical
  examination. In addition to checking general
  signs of health, your doctor will perform a
  neurologic exam. This includes checks for
  alertness, muscle strength, coordination,
  reflexes and response to pain. Your doctor also
  examines the eyes to look for swelling caused by
  a tumor pressing on the nerve that connects the
  eye and the brain.
• Depending on the results of the physical and
  neurologic examinations, your doctor may request
  one or both of the following
• Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan Computerized
  tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography
  (CAT) scan is a series of detailed pictures of
  the brain, created by a computer linked to an
  X-ray machine. In some cases, a special dye is
  injected into a vein before the scan. The dye
  helps to show differences in the tissues of the
  brain.

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• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Magnetic
  resonance imaging (MRI) provides pictures of the
  brain, using a powerful magnet linked to a
  computer. MRI is especially useful in diagnosing
  brain tumors because it can see through the
  bones of the skull to the tissue underneath. A
  special dye may be used to enhance the likelihood
  of detecting a brain tumor.
• Angiogram or Arteriogram These tests are a
  series of X-rays taken after a special dye is
  injected into an artery, usually in the area
  where the abdomen joins the top of the leg. The
  dye, which flows through the blood vessels of the
  brain, can be seen on X-rays. These X-rays can
  show the tumor and connecting blood vessels.
• Brain Scan A brain scan reveals areas of
  abnormal growth in the brain and records them on
  special film. A small amount of a radioactive
  material is injected into a vein. This dye is
  absorbed by the tumor and the growth shows up on
  the film. The radiation leaves the body within
  six hours and is not dangerous.
• Functional Imaging This test utilizes MRI or
  magnetic source imaging to identify functional
  pathways in the brain (motor, visual, language)
  and alerts the surgeon to potentia

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• Myelogram A myelogram, sometimes called a
  lumbosacral spine X-ray, is an X-ray or
  computerized tomography (CT) scan of the spine. A
  special dye is injected into the cerebrospinal
  fluid in the spine and the patient is tilted to
  allow the dye to mix with the fluid. This test
  may be done when the doctor suspects a tumor in
  the spinal cord.
• MR Spectroscopy This is a modified MRI scan
  that shows metabolic activity within a brain
  tumor. This has largely replaced positron
  emission tomography (PET) scanning due to its
  superior resolution and accuracy.

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Brain Tumor Treatment- Treatment for brain
tumors depends on a number of factors including
the type, location and size of the tumor as well
as the patients age and general health.
Treatment methods and schedules differ for
children and adults. Brain tumors are treated
with surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
Our doctors also are studying a vaccine for
treating a recurrent cancer of the central
nervous system that occurs primarily in the
brain, known as glioma. Depending on your needs,
several methods may be used. Our team includes
neurosurgeons, medical oncologists, radiation
oncologists, nurses, a dietitian and a social
worker, who work together to provide the best
possible care.

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Before treatment begins, most patients are given
steroids, drugs that relieve swelling or edema.
Your may receive anticonvulsant medicine to
prevent or control seizures. If hydrocephalus is
present, you may need a shunt to drain
cerebrospinal fluid. A shunt is a long, thin tube
placed in a ventricle of the brain and then
threaded under the skin to another part of the
body, usually the abdomen. It works like a
drainpipe. Excess fluid is carried away from the
brain and is absorbed in the abdomen. In some
cases, the fluid is drained into the heart.

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Surgery Surgery is the usual treatment for most
brain tumors. To remove a brain tumor, a
neurosurgeon makes an opening in the skull. This
operation is called a craniotomy. Whenever
possible, the surgeon attempts to remove the
entire tumor. If the tumor cannot be completely
removed without damaging vital brain tissue, your
doctor may remove as much of the tumor as
possible. Partial removal helps to relieve
symptoms by reducing pressure on the brain and
reduces the amount of tumor to be treated by
radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Some tumors
cannot be removed. In such cases, your doctor may
do only a biopsy. A small piece of the tumor is
removed so that a pathologist can examine it
under a microscope to determine the type of cells
it contains. This helps your doctor decide which
treatment to use.

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Sometimes, a biopsy is done with a needle.
Doctors use a special head frame and CT scans or
MRI to pinpoint the exact location of the tumor.
The surgeon makes a small hole in the skull and
then guides a needle to the tumor. Using this
technique to do a biopsy or for treatment is
called stereotaxis. Other advanced techniques
during surgery include brain mapping to find
functional pathways near tumors, endoscopy to
perform biopsies and open spinal fluid pathways
through a small scope and advanced frameless
stereotaxic computer assisted tumor resections.
Intraoperative MRI also is available to help
maximize tumor removal.

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Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy, also called
radiotherapy, is the use of high-powered rays to
damage cancer cells and stop them from growing.
It is often used to destroy tumor tissue that
cannot be removed with surgery or to kill cancer
cells that may remain after surgery. Radiation
therapy also is used when surgery is not
possible. Radiation therapy may be given in two
ways. External radiation comes from a large
machine. Generally, external radiation treatments
are given five days a week for several weeks. The
treatment schedule depends on the type and size
of the tumor and your age. Giving the total dose
of radiation over an extended period helps to
protect healthy tissue in the area of the
tumor. External radiation may be directed just to
the tumor, the surrounding tissue or the entire
brain. Sometimes the radiation is also directed
to the spinal cord. When the whole brain is
treated, the patient often receives an extra dose
of radiation to the area of the tumor. This boost
can come from external radiation or from an
implant. Radiation also can come from radioactive
material placed directly in the tumor, or implant
radiation therapy. Depending on the material
used, the implant may be left in the brain for a
short time or permanently. Implants lose a little
radioactivity each day. The patient stays in the
hospital for several days while the radiation is
most active.

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The Gamma Knife, or stereotactic radiosurgery, is
another way to treat brain tumors. The Gamma
Knife isnt actually a knife, but a radiation
therapy technique that delivers a single, finely
focused, high dose of radiation precisely to its
target. Treatment is given in just one session.
High-energy rays are aimed at the tumor from many
angles. In this way, a high dose of radiation
reaches the tumor without damaging other brain
tissue.
Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to
kill cancer cells. The doctor may use just one
drug or a combination, usually giving the drugs
orally or by injection into a blood vessel or
muscle. Intrathecal chemotherapy involves
injecting the drugs into the cerebrospinal fluid.
Chemotherapy is usually given in cycles. A
treatment period is followed by a recovery
period, then another treatment period and so on.
Patients often dont need to stay in the hospital
for treatment and most drugs can be given in the
doctors office or clinic. However, depending on
the drugs used, the way they are given and the
patients general health, a short hospital stay
may be necessary.
Advances in chemotherapy include direct placement
into the tumor cavity using a new technique
called convection enhanced delivery.

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