Ebola and marbug virus

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• Faculty of health science
• Department Medical laboratory technology
• presentation Ebola and marbug virus
• Student's name
• 1- Ahmed Aadan muuse
• 2- Ahmed Abdirahman osman
• 3- Ahmed Jama sahSardid
• 4- Abdishakur farah hirad
• 5- Abdikarim Abdilahi Kahin
• 6- Abdirahman Ahmed Abdilahi
• 7- Adna Muctaad Abdilahi

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Group Presentation
Filoviruses

• Filoviruses are filamentous, enveloped particles
• with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA
  genome.
• Family Filoviridae is classified into 2 genera
• Genus Marburgvirus
• Genus Ebolavirus
• Filoviruses were first discovered in 1967 as the
  causative agents
• of a hemorrhagic fever

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HISTORY
EBOLA?

• The first Ebola virus species was discovered in
  1976 in what is now the Democratic Republic of
  the Congo near the Ebola River.
• Two species were identified in 1976
• Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) and
• Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV)
• Case fatality rates of 83 and 54 respectively.
• A third species, Reston ebolavirus (REBOV), was
  discovered in November 1989 in a group of monkeys
  (Macaca fascicularis) imported from the
  Philippines.

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What is
EBOLA?

• Ebola is a virus that lives in bats and some
  other animals who live in Africa.

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• People living in West Africa have gotten sick and
  some have died.
• The three most affected countries are
• Guinea
• Liberia
• Sierra Leone

Guinea
Sierra Leone
Liberia
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• Ebola virus has been found in African monkeys,
  chimps and others .
• A milder strain of Ebola has been discovered in
  monkeys and pigs in the Philippines.

PATHOGENECITY
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Modes of Transmission

• There are 3 modes of infection
• Unsterilized needles
• Suboptimal Hospital conditions
• spread from person to person
• through contact with body fluids

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SYMPTOMS

• The incubation period ranges from 2 to 21 days
  (most commonly 8-10 days)
• Early symptoms include sudden fever, chills,
  and muscle aches , Nausea, vomiting, chest pain,
  sore throat, abdominal pain, and diarrhea may
  follow.
• When Symptoms become increasingly severe mental
  confusion, bleeding inside and outside the body,
  shock, and multi-organ failure.

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LAB DIAGNOSIS

• Detection of viral antigen (by antigen-ELISA)
• genomic RNA (by PCR) and virus isolation.

Guinea
Sierra Leone
Liberia
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Is There a Cure?

• There are no known curative medications for
  Ebola.
• However, there have been very recent developments
  in preventative.
• Experimental drug therapy
• Zmapp, Tekmira

Guinea
Sierra Leone
Liberia
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PREVENTION / Control

• There is no effective vaccine. Early diagnosis is
  important, and isolation of patients is
  recommended.
• use of HEPA-filtered respirators for protection
  against aerosols. Supportive therapy should be
  administered since no virus-specific treatment
  exists.

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Marburg outbreak
2. MARBURG VIRUS

• First discover in 1967 in Marburg and Frankfurt,
  Germany and in Belgrade, Serbia (Yugoslavia)
• Source of infection African Green monkeys from
  Uganda.
• Germany and Yugoslavia.1967
• South Africa (origin from Zimbubwe
  ?..........1975
• Kenya.1980, 1987
• DR Congo.1998-2000
• Angola.2004-2005
• Uganda...2007, 2012
• 1990 Lab contamination in Russia

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• Common characteristics
• Enveloped virus with RNA genome
• zoonotic diseases and some are vector-borne
  viruses
• Filamentous shape

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PATHOGENECITY

• Marburg virus has been cused by monkeys,
  specially the Chimps and Fruit bats in Africa.
• Marburg hemorrhagic fevers lead to death for a
  high percentage of people who are affected. As
  the illness progresses, it can cause
• Multiple organ failure
• Severe bleeding
• Jaundice
• Delirium
• Seizures
• Coma
• Shock

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TRANSMISSION

• Transmission from bats to human may occur through
  contact with bat feces or aerosols.
• Human to human transmission contact to blood,
  secretions, body fluids/tissues, semen or
  contaminated equipment (household contact,
  nosocomial infection, burial ceremony)

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SYMPTOMS

• Early signs and symptoms include
• Fever
• Severe headache
• Joint and muscle aches
• Chills
• Weakness
• Over time, symptoms become increasingly severe
  and may include
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea (may be bloody)
• Red eyes
• Raised rash
• Chest pain and cough
• Stomach pain
• Severe weight loss

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LAB DIAGNOSIS

• If suspect you have Marburg viruses, they use
  blood tests to quickly identify the virus,
  including
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
• polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

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Treatments and drugs

• No antiviral medications have proved effective in
  treating infection with
• either virus. Supportive hospital care includes
• Providing fluids
• Maintaining blood pressure
• Providing oxygen as needed
• Replacing lost blood
• Treating other infections that develop

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PREVENTION / CONTROL

• The following precautions can help prevent
  infection and control of Marburg virus.
• Avoid areas of known outbreaks.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water
• Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

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GROUP ONE