stiocism

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stoicism

• presentation on stoicism submitted to
• Madam Munazza
• By
• Rukhshanda Taj

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stoicism

• Stoicism was one of the philosophical movements
  of the Hellenistic period. The name derives from
  porch at Athens decorated with mural pointing
  where the member of school congregated and their
  lectures were held.

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stoicism

• Stoicism, a school of thought that flourished
  in Greek and Roman antiquity. It was one of the
  loftiest and most sublime philosophies in the
  record of Western civilization. In urging
  participation in human affairs, Stoics have
  always believed that the goal of all inquiry is
  to provide a mode of conduct characterized by
  tranquility of mind and certainty of moral worth.

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• The founder of stoicism is zeno. The stoics
  believed that destructive emotions due to errors
  in judgment and the sage would not have such
  emotions (As sage was considered to be morally
  and intellectually perfect person.
• We get initial work by first three head of
  the
• stoic school Zeno,Cleanthes,Chrysippus.
• We do not get complete work but only the
• fragments of their work.

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• The stoics believed that virtue is sufficient
  for happiness, so a sage should be immune to
  misfortune. It is only the stoic sage who truly
  has free will. These who do not live according to
  the logos of the universe are ruled by their
  passion.
• According to Epictetus
• It is not what happens to you, but how you react
  to it that matters.
• Stoicism bears many similarities to
  cognitive behavior therapy. cognitive behavior
  therapy teaches that what happens to you is not
  as imperfect as you think about what happen.

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• The main difference is that cognitive
  behavior therapy leads the practitioner to
  replace bad thoughts with helpful thoughts while
  stoic replace impulsive thoughts with truth.
• stoicism has a reputation for being a cold
  heartless indifferent philosophy. This is not
  exactly fair. The entire point of stoicism is to
  accept the world as it is and act accordingly.

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• (stoic character in literature)
• In Shakespear play Julius Cearser Bratus is
  depicted as suppressing his emotions through out
  the play in keeping way stoic beliefs.
• Perhaps he was mad with grief over the death
• of his wife as in scene iii act iii
• No man bears sorrow better, Portia is dead.
• In the end he took his own life in violation of
  his stoic philosophy.

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STOICISM AS PSYCHOLOGICAL DISCIPLINE

• Stoic says that once we come to know that we and
  the world around us are really like, and
  especially the nature of value, we will be
  utterly transformed.
• Today many people still turn to stoicism as a
  form of psychological discipline. Stoicism has
  never been academic and modern adaptations of
  stoic thought seek to carry on this tradition of
  self transformation.

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Stoicism in Modern Times

• Stoicism is, at its root, a philosophy for
  minimizing the negative emotions in your life and
  maximizing your gratitude and joy it includes
  mindfulness practices and value-based living.
  Stoicism is a tool to amplify your human
  experience, both internally and externally.

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Stoic Principles for Modern Living

• Principle 1 You cant change things outside of
  your control, but you can change your
  attitude.You have power over your mind not
  outside events. Realize this, and you will find
  strength.? Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
• A key component of Stoicism is practicing
  mindfulness. Recognize the events in your life
  that you do and dont have control over. If you
  become frustrated with events outside of your
  control, you are wasting energy and fostering
  negative emotion.  You cant change these events
  you can only change your attitude towards them.
  Through this realization our mind can become
  impenetrable. So long as we can control our
  attitudes and reactions, we can very well never
  be negatively influenced by outside events.

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Stoic Principles for Modern Living

• Principle 2 Dont fall prey to modern societys
  materialistic nature.Wealth consists not in
  having great possessions, but in having few
  wants.? Epictetus
• Our consumerist society seems to create more
  desire than it fulfills.  Our constant exposure
  to media and advertising keeps us wanting and
  seeing better out there we spend our hard
  earned money on the latest fad, convinced it will
  leave us fulfilled until version 2.0 comes out
  next year. If we strive to want less, our desire
  decreases and we become more satisfied with what
  we have, which brings us to the next quote.

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Stoic Principles for Modern Living

• Principle 3 Picture life without the people and
  possessions you have to truly appreciate
  them.Do not indulge in dreams of having what
  you have not, but reckon up the chief of the
  blessings you do possess, and then thankfully
  remember how you would crave for them if they
  were not yours.? Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
• Weve realized now that wanting more leads to
  dissatisfaction so how do we find happiness?
  The key lies in gratitude. We must appreciate all
  that we have and find joy in it.
•  Being a Stoic means finding happiness through
  whatever you do have if you place emphasis on
  an external item and it is taken away, the stoic
  should not be upset but rather grateful they had
  the object to begin with. Everything is borrowed
  from the universe. Mass comes and goes, but
  goodness remains, and therein lies joy.

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Stoic Principles for Modern Living

• Principle 4 Be genuinely cheerful in all your
  interactions.A man thus grounded must, whether
  he wills or not, necessarily be attended by
  constant cheerfulness and a joy that is deep and
  issues from deep within, since he finds delight
  in his own resources, and desires no joys greater
  than his inner joys.? Seneca, We now know that
  happiness comes from within and from appreciating
  everything around us.  with the stoic mindset,
  our happiness can become independent of other
  factors we should be cheerful all the time as
  stoics because we desire nothing more than human
  experience. If we desired more, we could allow
  ourselves to be disappointed. This doesnt mean
  that stoics cant enjoy the finer things in life
  it just means we shouldnt think of them as
  necessary for our happiness. 

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Stoic Principles for Modern Living

• Principle 5 Practicing your values beats
  preaching them.Dont explain your philosophy.
  Embody it.? Epictetus
• Stoic philosophy requires a great deal of
  personal responsibility. Its not that you should
  be insanely hard on yourself, but you should
  understand that every decision that you make
  throughout the day contains a moral dimension.
  Stoicism must be practiced if you want to
  influence the world in a better way. Ask yourself
  regularly, Whats the best way to act in this
  situation? You should be looking to make choices
  based on your personal values to increase the
  greater good. Live by your moral code.

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Stoicism

• Thats all about Stoicism.
• Thanks for your patience