What is Bone Marrow Transplant

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What is Bone Marrow Transplant?
Bone Marrow Transplant ideally
replaces bone marrow which is either not working
properly or ablated (destroyed) by radiation or
chemotherapy. Your doctor may recommend a bone
marrow transplant in certain cancers like
lymphoma, leukemia or multiple leukemia or
multiple myeloma. Other conditions calling for
BMT include aplastic anemia affecting the
production of bone marrow cells, severe
immunodeficiency syndrome, congenital
neutropenia, thalassemia, sickle cell anemia or
if chemotherapy has destroyed your bone marrow.

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Bone Marrow Transplant
Bone Marrow is a tissue present
inside bone looks like soft sponge, red
yellow in color. Red marrow looks red because of
the presence of hemoglobin works in the
production of red blood cells, white blood cells
platelets. Yellow marrow got its color from fat
carotenoids is responsible for producing fatty
cells, bone cartilage. Blood marrow is
generally red till the age of 7. Later on red
marrow gets replaced by fat tissue is found in
flat bones. In bone marrow transplant, damaged
bone marrow cells are replaced with healthy
marrow. As a protective measure, before any
radiation or chemotherapy healthy stem cells are
harvested from cancer patients. They are again
injected back after treatment to restore
immunity. Biopsy aspiration are methods to
examine the bone marrow tissue. Transplantation
is serious, severe encompasses lengthy
post-treatment sessions.
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The role of bone marrow
Marrow is the soft tissue inside bones that
produces blood-forming cells. Blood-forming cells
are immature cells that can grow into red blood
cells, white blood cells or platelets.
Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the
body
White blood cells help fight infections

Platelets help control bleeding
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Bone Marrow Transplant Treatments
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Autologous Transplantation
In this process, persons own stem cells
are used transplanted. These are stored then
used to replace the cells that are damaged by
chemotherapy. Different types of cancers which
are treatable by autologous bone marrow
transplant are myeloma, leukemia lymphomas,
breast cancer, osteosarcoma, testicular cancer
others.
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Allogeneic Transplantation
In this type of transplantation, another
person donates stem cells to the patient, but
condition is that they should be genetically
related. The donor will have to undergo human
leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching tests to
qualify.
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Leukemia
Bone Marrow Cancer This cancer
begins in blood stem cells resulting in high
number abnormal count of stem cells. This cancer
has two types, one is Lymphocytic leukemia where
lymphocytes count is more another is
myelogenous leukemia where red blood cells,
granulocytes, monocytes or platelets count is
more. Both are dangerous.
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Aplastic Anemia
In this condition there is a permanent stoppage
of blood cells production. It is caused due to
injury or infection to bone marrow. This ailment
generates fatigued feeling with uncontrolled
bleeding higher risk of infections.
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Sickle Cell Anemia
This is an inherited form of anemia Sick Cell
Anemia is a medical condition wherein there are
insufficient healthy red blood cells in the body
to carry necessary oxygen supply. Red blood cells
are normally round flexible so as to easily
move around inside blood vessels.
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Multiple Myeloma
This cancer affects the main system of body
i.e. the immune system. Plasma cells are
responsible for producing immunoglobulins (main
antibodies). Due to uncontrollable
multiplication of plasma cells whole body is
affected hence the name multiple myeloma.
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