Cystocele: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Cystocele
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Cystocele

• Cystocele is the name given to hernia like
  disorder in women. Cystocele occurs when the wall
  linking the bladder and vagina weakens, as a
  result the bladder sag into the vagina. Cystocele
  leads to problems such as discomfort, urinary
  difficulties, and stress incontinence. The
  oestrogen hormone produced in the womens body
  keeps the vaginal muscles strong, but after
  menopause, the production of oestrogen is stopped
  and as a result, those vaginal muscles become
  weak. Cystocele disorder is also known as
  prolapsed bladder or fallen bladder. Cystocele
  disorder is divided into 4 stages mild,
  moderate, severe, and complete. These stages are,
  graded on the basis of sagging of bladder into
  the vagina.

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Causes of Cystocele

• The most common factors related with Cystocele
  or prolapsed bladder are 
• Menopause- When the production of oestrogen
  hormone is stopped. This generally happens after
  the menopause. The oestrogen hormone is
  responsible for giving strength and health to the
  vaginal muscles.
• Child birth- The delivery process creates an
  excess pressure on the vaginal tissue and
  muscles. The vaginal tissue and muscle supports
  the woman bladder, but after childbirth, they may
  become weak.
• Staining- There is multiple causes that may
  create strain in the groin area. Lifting heavy
  weights, long-term cough and constipation, which
  may damage the muscles of the pelvic floor.

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Symptoms

• The symptoms of cystocele are visible after the
  first stage. The most common symptom of cystocele
  is noticing pressure in the vagina or bladder.
  Other symptoms of cystocele may include 
• Pain in the lower back
• Dyspareunia
• Urinary difficulties
• Pain in the pelvic floor
• Bladder infection
• Bleeding
• Broken tissue
• Stress incontinence

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Diagnosis of Cystocele

• A pelvic exam is carried out in the diagnosis of
  cystocele. The extent to which the bladder has
  entered the vagina is, checked through this
  test. The doctor may also use a voiding
  cystourethrogram for diagnosing cystocele.
  Cystourethrogram is a sequence of x-rays that
  are, taken during the urination. Cystoscopy is
  a procedure in which a scope is, inserted into
  womens abdomen. This test lets the urologist see
  inside the abdomen. The doctor may also perform
  an EKG test to diagnose cystocele.

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Treatments

• Medications, therapy, and surgery are, used for
  the treatment of cystocele. Before choosing a
  treatment, a doctor analyses the patients
  general health, age, and severity of the
  condition. Estrogen replacement therapy- Also
  known as hormone replacement therapy, it is done
  to reduce the symptoms of cystocele and protects
  against osteoporosis. Pessary- A mechanical
  device known as pessary is placed inside the
  vagina to hold the sagging bladder in place.
  However, there is a risk of infection, if pessary
  is not cleaned at regular intervals. 

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Treatments
Continue

• Kegel exercises- The kegel exercises help to
  strengthen the vaginal wall and tighten the
  pelvic floor muscles. Kegel exercises are very
  effective in the treatment of mild cystocele and
  there are no side effects associated with it.
• Electrical stimulation- A small electrical
  device is used that measure and delivers small
  electrical currents to contraction the muscles,
  these contractions of muscles strengthen the
  pelvic muscles. Prolapsed bladder surgery- It
  is a minor surgery performed to repair and
  strengthen the bladder. A patient is on general
  anaesthesia during the surgery.

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