Ewing Family of Tumors (EFT): A general overview

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Ewing Family of Tumors (EFT)
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Ewing Family of Tumors (EFT)

• Ewings sarcoma is a cancerous tumor which
  normally begins in or near a bone and sometimes
  arises in soft tissue. The tumors can form on any
  bone, but usually affect long bone. It commonly
  develops in the bones of the upper arm and leg.
  Ewings sarcoma is a primary bone cancer because
  it grows from within the bone. These tumors can
  be cancerous and may spread to other parts of the
  body, including the lungs and bone
  marrow. There are four kinds of Ewings tumors.
  When combined, they are called the Ewing family
  of tumors (EFT). Three types of Ewings tumors
  occur in the bone including
• Classic Ewings sarcoma of the bone
• Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET)
• Askin tumors (PNET of the chest)
• One that occurs in the tissue is known as Ewing
  sarcoma or Ewing sarcoma of the soft tissue.

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Causes of Ewing Family of Tumors

• Experts have limited knowledge on what causes
  Ewing family of tumors. No risk factors have been
  identified. There are no known ways to prevent
  Ewings sarcoma. Researchers have found one
  strange thing with Ewings sarcoma patients which
  is that they have non-inherited genetic mutations
  in chromosomes 11 and 22.

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Symptoms

• Inflammation in the area of the tumor
• Pain in the affected area
• A lump in the arms, legs, chest, or pelvis.
• Fever for unknown reason
• A bone that breaks for unknown reason

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Diagnosis and tests for Ewing Family of Tumors

• An imaging test, such as an X-ray, is sometimes
  enough to diagnose Ewing family of tumors. A
  biopsy can be used for confirmation. This
  procedure involves taking a tissue sample from
  the tumor. Cells belonging to Ewing family of
  tumors are easily identified under a microscope.
  Other tests that are used to check this type of
  cancer include 
• Physical Examination and Medical History
• Blood test
• Bone scan
• Bone marrow biopsy
• CT scan of the lungs
• Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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Treatments

• If the tumor is confined to its original
  location and has not spread, chemotherapy may be
  used to shrink the tumor. The therapy
  uses medication to kill cancer cells. Once the
  tumor becomes small, a surgery is performed to
  remove it. After the tumor is removed, the
  surgeon will rebuild any missing bone. This can
  be done either with bone grafts or man-made
  materials. In some cases, radiation therapy is
  used to treat Ewing family of tumors. This is
  more likely if the cancer has spread or if
  surgery is too dicey. It is also used to reduce
  the chance of primary bone cancer returning. If
  you are diagnosed with one of the Ewing family of
  tumors, you will continue to follow up with your
  doctor even once treatment is complete because
  these tumors have a knack of returning.

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