Haemorrhoids: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

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Haemorrhoids
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Haemorrhoids

• Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen
  and inflamed veins in your anus and lower rectum.
  They may result from straining during bowel
  movements or from the increased pressure on these
  veins during pregnancy, among other causes. There
  are two types of haemorrhoids, internal and
  external. Internal haemorrhoids develop within
  the anus external haemorrhoids develop outside of
  the anus. Of the two forms of haemorrhoids,
  external haemorrhoids are the most common and
  troublesome. Doctors are unsure as to what
  leads to haemorrhoids. Various factors that could
  play a part include
• Straining during a bowel movement

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Haemorrhoids
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• Complications from chronic constipation
• Sitting on the toilet for a long time
• Pregnancy
• Family history of having haemorrhoids
• Anal intercourse
• Low-fibre diet

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Symptoms

• Painless bleeding during bowel movements
• Itching or irritation in your anal region
• Pain or discomfortSwelling around your anus
• A lump near your anus, which may be sensitive or
  painful
• Leakage of faeces
• Symptoms of haemorrhoid usually depend on the
  location. Since internal haemorrhoids lie inside
  the rectum, you may not see or feel them because
  they don't cause discomfort. External
  haemorrhoids are under the skin around your anus.
  When irritated, external haemorrhoids can itch or
  bleed.

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Tests and diagnosis of haemorrhoids

• If your doctor suspects you of haemorrhoids, he
  may perform certain tests and procedures such as
• Examination of your anal canal and rectum for
  abnormalities where the doctor inserts a gloved,
  lubricated finger into your rectum to feel for
  anything unusual, such as growths.
• Visual inspection of your anal canal and rectum
  where the doctor examines the lower portion of
  your colon and rectum with an anoscope,
  proctoscope or sigmoidoscope. This enables the
  doctor to look into your anus and rectum.

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Treatments

• Most of the time treatment for haemorrhoids
  involves lifestyle modifications. But sometimes
  medications or surgical procedures are
  necessary. Medications If your haemorrhoids
  produce only mild discomfort, your doctor may
  suggest over-the-counter creams, ointments or
  pads. These products contain ingredients that can
  relieve pain and itching. Minimally invasive
  procedures If a blood clot has formed within an
  external haemorrhoid, your doctor can remove the
  clot with a simple incision. For painful
  haemorrhoids, your doctor may suggest minimally
  invasive procedures such as rubber band ligation,
  sclerotherapy and coagulation. 

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Treatments
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• Surgical methods If other procedures dont
  produce positive results, your doctor may
  recommend a surgical procedure. There are two
  surgical procedures, (i) Haemorrhoid removal and
  (ii) Haemorrhoid stapling.Eat high-fibre foods,
  increase your water intake, avoid straining
  during a bowel movement and you might be able to
  prevent haemorrhoids.

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