An overview of menopause: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment

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Menopause
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Menopause

• Menopause is defined as occurring 12 months
  after your last menstrual period and marks the
  end of menstrual cycles. Menopause can happen in
  your 40s or 50s. It is a natural biological
  process and even though it ends fertility, you
  can stay healthy and sexually active. Some women
  breathe a sigh of relief because they no longer
  need to worry about pregnancy.Even so, the
  physical symptoms, such as hot flashes, and
  emotional symptoms of menopause may disrupt
  your sleep, lower your energy. For some women
  menopause trigger anxiety or feelings of sadness
  and loss.

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Causes of menopause

• Menopause can occur because of the following
  reasons
• As you approach your late 30s, your ovaries start
  making fewer hormones that regulate menstruation- 
  estrogen and progesterone. In your 40s, your
  menstrual periods may become longer or shorter,
  heavier or lighter, and more or less frequent,
  until eventually, you have no more periods. 
• A hysterectomy that removes your uterus but
  not ovaries usually doesn't cause immediate
  menopause. Although you no longer have periods,
  your ovaries still release eggs and
  produce oestrogen and progesterone.

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Causes of menopause
Continue

• But surgery that removes both your uterus and
  ovaries does cause menopause immediately, but you
  are likely to have hot flashes and other
  menopausal signs and symptoms. 
• Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can induce
  menopause, causing hot flashes during or after
  the treatment. Menopause symptoms are not always
  permanent following chemotherapy.

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Symptoms

• In perimenopause time you might experience these
  signs and symptoms
• Irregular periods 
• Vaginal dryness 
• Hot flashes 
• Night sweats 
• Sleep problems
• Mood changes 
• Weight gain and slowed metabolism 
• Thinning hair and dry skin 
• Loss of breast fullness

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Symptoms
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• It is possible but unusual to have menses every
  month right up to your last period. You are
  likelier to experience some irregularity in your
  periods. Skipping periods during perimenopause is
  common. Menses will occur every two to four
  months during perimenopause. It is possible
  to get pregnant despite irregular periods.

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Treatments

• Menopause does not require any medical
  treatment. Treatments focus on relieving signs
  and symptoms and managing chronic conditions that
  may occur with ageing. Following are some of
  the treatment options 
• Oestrogen therapy remains the most effective
  treatment option for relieving menopausal
  symptoms. Depending on your medical history, your
  gynaecologist may suggest the lowest dose of
  oestrogen needed to provide relief. Oestrogen is
  also useful in preventing bone loss.  
• In order to relieve the symptoms like vaginal
  dryness and difficulty during intercourse,
  oestrogen can be administered directly to the
  vagina using a vaginal cream, tablet or ring.  

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Treatments
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• Vaginal tissues quickly absorb oestrogen
  released by this treatment.
• Certain antidepressants like selective serotonin
  reuptake inhibitors may decrease menopausal hot
  flashes. These antidepressants are recommended to
  those women who can't take oestrogen for health
  reasons. 
• Neurontin is clinically approved to
  treat seizures, but it has also been shown to
  help reduce hot flashes.
• Before jumping on to any treatment option, it is
  best to have a consultation with your
  gynecologist. Review your options wisely.

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