Ovarian Cysts: Common Uterine Conditions

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Ovarian Cysts
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Ovarian Cysts

• An ovarian cyst is a sac filled with fluid or a
  semisolid material that forms on or within one of
  the ovaries, the small organs in the pelvis that
  make female hormones and hold egg cells.There
  are different types of cysts, many of which are
  normal and harmless (benign). Functional cysts,
  which are not disease-related, occur as a result
  of ovulation (the release of an egg from the
  ovary). Functional cysts generally shrink over
  time, usually within 60 days, without specific
  treatment. Functional ovarian cysts, which are
  relatively common, should not be confused with
  other types of cysts that are disease-related.
  Conditions such as polycystic ovary
  syndrome and ovarian cancer also involve growths
  on the ovaries. Tell your gynaecologist if you
  have any of the symptoms listed below. He or she
  can determine the type of cyst you have.

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Symptoms

• Some smaller cysts cause no symptoms you may not
  even know you have a cyst. Larger cysts may cause
  the following symptoms 
• Pelvic pain or a dull ache in your back
• A feeling of fullness (bloating) in your lower
  belly
• Pain during intercourse
• Painful periods
• Some prolonged symptoms may be associated with a
  condition called polycystic ovary syndrome,
  a hormonal imbalance that causes irregular
  periods and other hormone-related problems,
  including obesity and infertility. Other symptoms
  of polycystic ovary syndrome include Hirsutism
  (increased growth of body hair) and obesity. The
  exact cause of ovarian cysts is not known.

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How is an ovarian cyst diagnosed?

• Your gynaecologist will first rule out pregnancy
  as the cause of your symptoms. He or she then may
  use the following tests to diagnose an ovarian
  cyst 
• A pelvic examination During this exam, the
  doctor uses an instrument to widen the vagina,
  which allows the doctor to examine the vagina,
  cervix and uterus. The doctor also feels the
  reproductive organs for any lumps or changes.
• Blood tests These tests are used to measure the
  levels of certain hormones in the blood.
• Ultrasound This test uses sound waves to create
  images of the body's internal organs. It can be
  used to detect cysts on the ovaries.

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Treatments

• Functional ovarian cysts generally go away
  without treatment. Your health care provider may
  give you medications containing hormones (such as
  birth control pills) to stop ovulation. If you do
  not ovulate, you will not form functional cysts.
  In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove
  a cyst. Types of surgeries to remove ovarian
  cyst The type of surgery used depends on the
  size of the cyst and how it appears on the
  ultrasound. The different procedures used
  include
• Laparoscopy This is a procedure in which the
  doctor inserts a small device through an incision
  in the abdomen.

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Treatments
Continue

• He or she views the reproductive organs and
  pelvic cavity using the device. The doctor can
  remove the cyst through tiny incisions.
• Laparotomy This procedure uses a bigger incision
  to remove the cyst. The cyst will be tested for
  cancer. If it is cancer, the doctor may need to
  remove one or both ovaries, the uterus, a fold of
  fatty tissue called the omentum and some lymph
  nodes. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped
  structures found throughout the body that produce
  and store infection-fighting cells, but may
  contain cancer cells.

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Are ovarian cysts preventable?

• Taking medications that contain hormones (such
  as birth control pills) will stop ovulation.
  However, many women taking low-dose oral
  contraceptives may still ovulate. Although there
  has been no study that shows that oral
  contraceptive pills reduce the formation of the
  ovarian cysts, many gynaecologists still do
  prescribe this regimen.

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When to visit a gynaecologist?

• Schedule an appointment with your gynaecologist
  if 
• Your menstrual periods are late, irregular, or
  painful
• Your abdominal pain doesn't go away
• Your abdomen becomes enlarged or swollen
• You have trouble urinating or emptying your
  bladder completely
• You have pain during intercourse
• You have feelings of fullness (bloating),
  pressure, or discomfort in your abdomen
• You lose weight for no apparent reason
• You feel generally ill

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