Vertigo : Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and treatment - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Vertigo : Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and treatment

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Vertigo is the sensation that you or your environment is moving or spinning. It differs from dizziness in that vertigo describes an illusion of movement. When you feel as if you yourself are moving, it's called subjective vertigo, and the perception that your surroundings are moving is called objective vertigo. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Vertigo : Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and treatment


1
Vertigo
2
Vertigo
  • Vertigo is a sense of rotation, rocking, or the
    world spinning, experienced even when someone is
    perfectly still. Its a sense of feeling off
    balance, or dizziness.
  • Vertigo is sometimes considered as fear of
    height, must fear of height is called as
    acrophobia
  • It is common with all ages, but it can be caused
    in people aged 65 years or old.
  • Vertigo is costly caused by any inner ear
    problem, but certain causes such as dehydration
    or decrease in blood pressure can make any person
    dizzy.

3
Symptoms
  • Symptoms for vertigo may include
  • Spinning
  • Tilting
  • Swaying
  • Unbalanced
  • Pulled to one direction
  • Other symptoms may also include
  • Feeling nauseated
  • Vomiting
  • Abnormal or jerking eye movements (nystagmus)
  • Headache
  • Sweating
  • Ringing in the ears or hearing loss

4
Diagnosis of vertigo
  • Diagnosis of vertigo may start with the detailing
    of the recent illness with the doctor.
  • The doctor may undergo a physical examination ,
    which may ask the patient how the dizziness makes
    them feel. Which can distinguish between
    different dizziness
  • MRI or Ct scans may be done of the brain and
    inner ear to exclude any possibilities of stroke
  • Nystagmus test Vertigo may provoke different eye
    movement, certain test is done to diagnose that
    which include
  • Electronystagmography (ENG) can electronically
    record the nystagmus. The patient wears a headset
    that places electrodes around the eyes. The
    device measures eye movements.
  • Videonystagmography (VNG) is a newer technology
    can provide a video recording of the nystagmus.

5
Diagnosis of vertigo
Continue
  • Head impulse test- The patient is asked to fix
    the gaze toward the nose. If the patient can fix
    the gaze, then the test is negative, otherwise
    vertigo can be suspected.
  • Rombergs test- If the person becomes unsteady
    when the close their eyes, who remains steady
    with eyes open may be suspected with vertigo.
  • Unterbergers test- The patients are asked to
    march for 30 seconds, with their eyes closed. If
    they rotate sideways, then vertigo may be
    suspected.

6
Causes of vertigo
  • BPPV- It means benign paroxysmal positional
    vertigo. BPPV occurs when tiny calcium particles
    (canaliths) clump up in canals of the inner ear.
    The inner ear sends signals to the brain about
    head and body movements relative to gravity. It
    helps to keep our balance.
  • BPPV can occur for no known reason and may be
    associated with age.
  • Meniere's disease. This is an inner ear disorder
    thought to be caused by a buildup of fluid and
    changing pressure in the ear. It can cause
    episodes of vertigo along with ringing in the
    ears (tinnitus) and hearing loss.
  • Vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis. This is an
    inner ear problem usually related to infection
    (usually viral). The infection causes
    inflammation in the inner ear around nerves that
    are important for helping the body sense balance

7
Causes of vertigo
Continue
  • Other rare caused may include
  • Head or neck injury
  • Brain problems such as stroke or tumour
  • Certain medications that cause ear damage
  • Migraine headaches

8
Risk factors of vertigo
  • Certain risk factors may include
  • Any head injury can increase the risk
  • Different medications such as ant seizures
    medications, blood pressure medications or even
    aspirin can increase the risk.
  • Anything that increase the risk of stroke,
    increases the risk of vertigo
  • Older age increases the risk of vertigo, and
    women have higher risk than men. Mostly older
    women.

9
Treatment
  • Treatment of vertigo
  • Vertigo can be resolved without ant treatment,
    but some vertigo with any bacterial infection may
    need medication
  • Drugs can relieve symptoms of some kinds of
    vertigo, for example, vestibular suppressants or
    anti-emetics to reduce motion sickness and
    nausea.
  • Patients with acute vestibular disorder linked to
    a middle ear infection may be prescribed steroids
    (such as prednisone), antiviral drugs (such as
    acyclovir) or antibiotics (such as amoxicillin)
  • If the vertigo is caused by BPPV, a technique
    known as the Epley maneuver is used. This is also
    known as canalith repositioning. Here, the
    particles are moved from the inner part to a open
    area known as vestibular, where it can be easily
    absorbed.
  • Prescription drugs, such as diazepam or lorazepam
    can be used to relieve the dizziness experienced
    with Ménière's disease
  • Certain medications, correct treatment and a
    quality life style with certain restriction can
    control vertigo to much extent. Its not a
    life-threatning disease and in much cases doesnt
    have any further complications.

10
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