Gangrene : Overview, symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment (1)

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Gangrene
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Gangrene

• Gangrene of hands or feet occurs when tissues of
  the body part dies which occurs because the
  tissues did not get enough blood from the
  circulatory system of a person and fingers, toes,
  and limbs are most often affected, but gangrene
  can also occur inside the body, damaging organs
  and muscles.

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Types of Gangrene

• There are three types of gangrene which have
  been found by the doctors, which are as follows
• Dry Gangrene
• Wet Gangrene
• Gas Gangrene
• These are the major types of Gangrene, in which
  the conditions are as follows
• Dry Gangrene Dry gangrene is caused when one of
  the body parts isn't getting enough oxygen.
  Eventually, the body part will start to
  deteriorate and die. With dry gangrene, the skin
  is closed and there is no evidence of infection.

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Types of Gangrene
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• Wet Gangrene Wet gangrene happens when the body
  tissues become infected with some type of
  bacteria. The tissues react to the presence of
  the bacteria by growing moist and breaking down.
  This process causes the death of the tissues.
  This is more of an emergency than dry gangrene
  because of the possibility of infection spreading
  to other parts of the body.
• Gas Gangrene Bacteria called Clostridia cause
  gas gangrene. This bacterium creates an infection
  that causes gas bubbles and toxins to develop
  inside the affected area. The resulting gases
  cause tissue death.

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Symptoms of Gangrene

• There are various symptoms of gangrene which are
  as follows
• Dry gangrenea)The affected area becomes cold
  and numb. b)Initially, the affected area becomes
  red. c)Then, it develops a brown
  discoloration. d)Finally, it becomes black and
  shriveled.
• Wet or moist gangrene a)The affected area
  becomes swollen and decays. b)It is extremely
  painful. c)Local oozing occurs. d)It produces a
  foul-smelling odor. e)It becomes black. f)The
  affected person develops a fever.

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Symptoms of Gangrene
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• Gas gangrene a)The wound is infected. b)A
  brown-red or bloody discharge may ooze from the
  affected tissues. c)Gas produced by Clostridia
  may produce a crackling sensation when the
  affected area is pressed. d)It becomes swollen,
  and blisters may develop. e)Pain in the affected
  area is severe. f)The affected person develops
  fever, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing
  if the toxins spread into the bloodstream.

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Treatments of Gangrene

• There are various types of treatment prescribed
  by doctors according to the condition of patient,
  which are as follows
• Antibiotics The doctor may prescribe antibiotics
  if bacteria are present. These are typically
  given intravenously, or through a needle directly
  into the blood stream.
• Vascular Surgery For people with poor
  circulation that results in gangrene, vascular
  surgery (surgery on the arteries or veins) may be
  recommended in order to improve the flow of blood
  through the veins to body tissues.
• Hyperbaric Oxygen Chamber Placing a person with
  gas gangrene in a special oxygen-rich environment
  can slow the growth of bacteria. This allows the
  skin to begin healing. It also brings oxygen to
  the damaged tissue to promote healing.

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Treatments of Gangrene
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• Tissue Debridement In serious gangrene cases,
  the dead tissue or body part may need to be
  removed. This process is called debridement.
  Debridement can be done with surgery tools or
  with chemicals. The goal with this type of
  surgery is to remove the affected areas so the
  infection can no longer spread and to rid the
  body of the dead tissue.
• Amputation People who must have part of an arm
  or leg amputated due to gangrene may be fitted
  with a prosthesis, or artificial limb, to replace
  the missing body part.

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