Isolation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants using chromatography technique

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Isolation of bioactive compounds from medicinal
plants using chromatography technique
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• Chromatography has been a fundamental technique
  used for chemical separation. Specifically,
  column chromatography, typically taught in
  introductory organic chemistry laboratories. This
  situation runs contrary to the principles of
  responsible chemical and waste management
  emphasized by the green chemistry movement.
• Chromatographic techniques have significant role
  in natural products chemistry as well as
  contribute dramatically in the discovery of novel
  and innovative compounds of pharmaceutical and
  biomedical importance.
• This study focused on step-by-step visual
  demonstration of fractionation and isolation of
  biologically active plant secondary metabolites
  using column-chromatographic techniques.

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• Column chromatography is devised on the basis of
  differential absorbance of substances on solid
  adsorbent i.e. silica gel or alumina oxide to an
  extent that depends on the substance polarity and
  other chemical properties and structural
  properties.

b. Alumina Oxide
a. Silica Gel
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Isolation of bioactive compounds using
column-chromatographic involves a) Preparation
of sample b) Packing of column c) Pouring of
sample into the column d) Elution of fractions
and e) Analysis of each fractions using
thin layer chromatography. However, depending
on nature of research, compounds can be further
purified using high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), and nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) spectral analyses.
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• Plants are healthy and natural resource of life.
  In particular, medicinal plants are of great
  importance with endless therapeutic
  properties useful for curing various diseases
  with an advantage of being natural.

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• In past, the plant or microbial extracts in crude
  or partially-purified forms were the only sources
  of medication available for the treatment of
  human and animal diseases. This gave an idea that
  the effect of a drug in human body is due to an
  interaction of drug with biological molecules.
  This opened new doors in pharmacology, as pure,
  isolated chemicals, instead of extracts, as the
  standard for the treatment of diseases. At
  present, there are innumerable number of such
  bioactive compounds isolated form crude extracts
  and their chemical structure were elucidated.

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Moreover, plants have always been a source of a
wide array of secondary metabolites with
potential pharmacological properties. Polyphenol
(flavonoids) compounds occur ubiquitously in
foods of plant origin have many beneficial health
effects due to their potential anti-oxidant,
anti-inflammatory and cancer-preventive
activities.
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• Therefore, the objective of this study was to
  provide step-by-step visual demonstration of
  fractionation and isolation of biologically
  active plant secondary metabolites using
  column-chromatographic techniques. Isolation and
  purification of plant secondary metabolites using
  column-chromatographic techniques.

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