An overview of osteoporosis (1)

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Osteoporosis
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Osteoporosis

• Osteoporosis is a bone disease which occurs when
  you lose too much bone make too little bone or
  both. Bones become so weak that even bending over
  and coughing can cause a fracture. Fractures
  related to osteoporosis are commonly seen in hip,
  wrist or spine. Osteoporosis occurs when the
  development of new bone doesn't keep up with the
  removal of old bone. Osteoporosis affects both
  men and women and of all races. But the disease
  is particularly seen in Asian women who are older
  and past menopause.

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Factors responsible for osteoporosis

• Bones are in a regular condition of renewal, old
  bone is broken down and new one is made. When
  you're young, your body develops new bone faster
  than it breaks down old bone and your bone mass
  increases. Most individuals attain bone mass by
  their early 20s. As people grow old, bone mass is
  lost faster than it's created. The likeliness
  to developing osteoporosis depends partially on
  the amount of bone mass attained in youth. The
  higher your peak bone mass, the less likely you
  are to develop osteoporosis as you age.

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Symptoms

• Initially, there are no signs of bone loss. But
  once the bones become extremely weak, the
  symptoms appear 
• Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed
  vertebra 
• Loss of height over time 
• A stooped posture 
• A bone fracture that occurs much more easily than
  expected

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Treatments

• Treatment for osteoporosis depends on the bone
  density test, i.e. an estimate of your risk of
  breaking a bone in the next 10 years. If the risk
  is low, the treatment will focus on lifestyle,
  safety and modifying risk factors for bone
  loss. Men and women both are at increased risk
  of fracture. The most widely accepted osteoporosis
  medications include
• Alendronate (Fosamax) 
• Risedronate (Actonel, Atelvia) 
• Ibandronate (Boniva) 
• Zoledronic acid (Reclast)

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Treatments
Continue

• If the medicine is taken properly, the side
  effects such as nausea, abdominal pain,
  difficulty swallowing, and the risk of an
  inflamed esophagus or esophageal ulcers are less
  likely to occur. Hormone-related therapyWhen
  estrogen medication is started soon after
  menopause, it can help maintain bone density.
  However, estrogen therapy can increase a woman's
  risk of blood clots, endometrial cancer, breast
  cancer and possibly heart disease. Therefore,
  estrogen is typically used when menopausal
  symptoms also require treatment. In men,
  osteoporosis may occur due to age-related decline
  in testosterone levels. Testosterone replacement
  therapy is the solution but osteoporosis
  medications have shown better results. 

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Treatments
Continue

• Other osteoporosis medications include Denosumab
  (Prolia) and Teriparatide (Forteo). These
  medications are prescribed by the doctor when the
  more common treatments for osteoporosis don't
  work well enough. Exercise, eating healthy
  diet and regular bone density check-ups can
  prevent osteoporosis.

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