Thyroiditis: A clinical in-sight (1)

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Thyroiditis
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Thyroiditis

• The thyroid gland is one of the most important
  endocrine gland located at the lower front of the
  neck. A heavy duty that thyroid performs is the
  production of thyroid hormones which are released
  into the bloodstream and then carried to every
  tissue in the body. Thyroid hormone is crucial to
  the bodys functioning and keeping the brain,
  heart, muscles, and other organs working
  normally. Thyroiditis is term referring to
  inflammation of the thyroid gland. Thyroiditis
  includes different disorders causing thyroidal
  inflammation but presenting in multiple ways. For
  example, Hashimotos Thyroiditis
  causes hypothyroidism, Postpartum Thyroiditis
  causes increased thyroid hormone levels in the
  blood followed by provisional hypothyroidism, Suba
  cute Thyroiditis causes pain in the thyroid.
  Thyroiditis can also be triggered by taking
  illegal drugs.

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Causes of Thyroiditis

• Thyroiditis is caused by destruction of the
  thyroid cells leading to inflammation of the
  thyroid gland. Antibodies which attack the
  thyroid are prime culprits behind thyroiditis.
  Thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease
  like rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile diabetes
  where the body attacks its own immune system.
  Scientists are clueless about why some people
  make thyroid antibodies, though it is genetic
  thing. Thyroiditis may also be the result of a
  virus or bacteria which attacks the immune system
  causing inflammation of the gland. Certain drugs
  such as amiodarone and interferon are also
  responsible for damaging thyroid cells.

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Symptoms

• Clinical symptoms of Thyroiditis
• There are no precise symptoms of Thyroiditis. If
  the thyroiditis causes slow cell damage leading
  to a decline in thyroid hormone levels in the
  blood, that condition is called hypothyroidism.
  Symptoms of hypothyroidism include tiredness,
  weight gain, constipation, dry skin, depression
  etc. Similar sort of symptoms are seen with
  people suffering from Hashimotos thyroiditis. On
  the other hand, if the thyroiditis causes rapid
  thyroid cell damage prompting thyroid hormone
  levels in the blood to increase, that condition
  is called hyperthyroidism. Symptoms
  of hyperthyroidism include insomnia, increased
  heart rate, anxiety, fatigue, weight loss,
  irritability etc. Similar symptoms are seen in
  people suffering from subacute, painless and
  postpartum thyroiditis. When the thyroid gland is
  not fully active, it leads to thyrotoxicosis.

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Treatments

• Treatment for Thyroiditis
• Treatment of thyroiditis depends on the type and
  clinical presentation
• Thyrotoxicosis Endocrinologists use beta
  blockers to reduce palpitations and shakes. As
  patients show signs of improvement, the
  medication is stopped since the thyrotoxic phase
  is not permanent. None of the available
  Anti-thyroid medications are used because the
  thyroid is not overactive.
• Hypothyroidism Treatment is started with hormone
  replacement because of Hashimotos thyroiditis.
  This therapy is also beneficial for patients of
  subacute, painless and postpartum thyroiditis. If
  hypothyroidism is less active in these types of
  thyroiditis and if the symptoms are mild, then no
  therapy may be required. If the therapy is
  started for subacute, painless and post-partum
  thyroiditis patients, it must continue for 6-12
  months.
• Thyroidal pain Anti-inflammatory pills like
  aspirin or ibuprofen are prescribed to patients
  associated with subacute thyroiditis because of
  the pain. Sometimes it can be severe and require
  steroid therapy.

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