What are in-text citations? (APA, MLA, HARVARD, CHICAGO, IEEE)

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What are in-text citations? (APA, MLA, HARVARD,
CHICAGO, IEEE)

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APA In-text Citation

• APA stands for American Psychological
  Association.
• The APA referencing style emphasizes the authors
  name and date of publication.
• These two items must always appear in in-text
  citation whenever you use this method of
  referencing.
• The in-text citation for APA appears as (Ramsey,
  2006)

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MLA In-text Citation

• MLA stands for Modern Language Association.
• This referencing method emphasizes two main
  features in in-text citation namely authors
  name(s) and the page number.
• MLA in-text citation appears as (John 5).

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Harvard

• The in-text citation in Harvard style emphasizes
  two things namely the authors name and year of
  publication.
• The format of in-text citation appears enclosed
  in the bracket as follows (Smith 2008).

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Chicago

• Chicago in-text citation is a referencing style
  that has been used since 1902 by Chicago
  University Press.
• The style of in-text citation emphasizes two
  basic rules namely date of publication and notes
  and bibliography.
• For example, Carlos Smith, World War II, (New
  York, Cengege Learning, 2009), 32.

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IEEE

• IEEE is an abbreviation of Institute for
  Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
• In this method, the name, pages or date of
  publication are not used.
• The in-text citation for this method is a bit
  unique because a source numbered in square
  bracket is used for example 9.

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