speech disorder

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Speech Disorder- Causes/ Symptoms/ Diagnosis/
Treatment

• Speech Therapy

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What is speech disorder ?

• Speech disorders or speech impediments are a type
  of communication disorder where 'normal' speech
  is disrupted. This can mean stammer, stutter,
  lisps, etc. Someone who is unable to speak due to
  a speech disorder is considered mute. Such things
  may lead to low self-esteem but as development of
  depression.

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Some Common Speech Disorders

1. Apraxia of Speech (AOS)
2. Stuttering Stammering
3. Dysarthria
4. Lisping
5. Muteness Selective Mutism
6. Aphasia

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Apraxia Of Speech (AOS)

• Apraxia of Speech (AOS) happens when the neural
  pathway between the brain and a persons speech
  function (speech muscles) is lost or obscured.
  The person knows what they want to say they can
  even write what they want to say on paper
  however the brain is unable to send the correct
  messages so that speech muscles can articulate
  what they want to say, even though the speech
  muscles themselves work just fine.

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Stuttering - Stammering

• Stuttering, also referred to as stammering, is so
  common that everyone knows what it sounds like
  and can easily recognize it. Everyone has
  probably had moments of stuttering at least once
  in their life. The National Institute on Deafness
  and Other Communication Disorders estimates that
  three million Americans stutter, and reports that
  of the up-to-10-percent of children who do
  stutter, three-quarters of them will outgrow it.
  It should not be confused with cluttering.

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Dysarthria

• Dysarthria is a symptom of nerve or muscle
  damage. It manifests itself as slurred speech,
  slowed speech, limited tongue, jaw, or lip
  movement, abnormal rhythm and pitch when
  speaking. Speech-Language pathologists helps in
  understanding the speech of the affected person.

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Lisping

• A lay term, lisping can be recognized by anyone
  and is very common.
• Speech language pathologists provide an extra
  level of expertise and can make sure that a lisp
  is not being confused with another type of
  disorder such as apraxia, aphasia, impaired
  development of expressive language, or a speech
  impediment caused by hearing loss.

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Muteness - Selective Mutism

• There are different kinds of mutism, and here we
  are talking about selective mutism. This used to
  be called elective mutism to emphasize its
  difference from disorders that caused mutism
  through damage to, or irregularities in, the
  speech process.
• Selective mutism is when a person does not speak
  in some or most situations, however that person
  is physically capable of speaking. It most often
  occurs in children, and is commonly exemplified
  by a child speaking at home but not at school.

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Aphasia

• The National Institute on Neurological Disorders
  and Stroke estimates that one million Americans
  have some form of aphasia.
• Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by
  damage to the brains language capabilities.
  Aphasia differs from apraxia of speech and
  dysarthria in that it solely pertains to the
  brains speech and language center.

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Causes Of Speech Disorder

• Speech disorders affect the vocal cords, muscles,
  nerves, and other structures within the throat.
  Causes may include
• Vocal cord damage
• Brain damage
• Muscle Weakness
• Respiratory Weakness
• Strokes
• Polyps or nodules on the vocal cords.

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Symptoms of Speech Disorders

• Depending on the cause of the speech disorder,
  several symptom may be presented. Common symptoms
  experienced by people with speech disorders are
• Repeating sound, which is often seen in people
  who stutter.
• Adding extra sound and words.
• Taking frequent pauses when talking.
• Visible frustration when trying to communicate.
• Hoarseness, or speaking with a raspy or gravelly
  sounding voice.
• Making jerking movements while talking, usually
  involving the head.

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Treatment Of Speech Disorder

• Many of these types of disorders can be treated
  by speech therapy, but others require medical
  attention by a doctor in phoniatrics. Other
  treatments include correction of organic
  conditions and psychotherapy.
• A speech therapist will help you in
  muscle-strengthening exercises for the face as
  well as throat. Youll learn to control your
  breathing while speaking. Muscle-strengthening
  exercises along with controlled breathing help to
  improve the way words sound. This helps to learn
  the ways to practice smoother, and fluent
  speech.Muscle-strengthening exercises and
  controlled breathing help improve the way your
  words sound. Youll also learn ways to practice
  smoother, more fluent speech.