Blepharospasm

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Blepharospasm
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Blepharospasm

• Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia that is
  characterized by excessive blinking and
  involuntary closing of the eyes. This form can be
  either primary or secondary.People who are
  living with blepharospasm usually have a normal
  vision. When vision is impaired, it is solely due
  to the forced closure of the eyelids.Blepharospa
  sm can also be referred to as a 'cranial
  dystonia.' Cranial dystonia is a wide description
  of dystonia that affects any part of the head.

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Cause of Blepharospasm

• Blepharospasm may develop spontaneously with no
  known precipitating factor or be inherited. Some
  of the people with blepharospasm have family
  members with dystonia affecting different body
  areas.Blepharospasm may be secondary due to
  drug exposure or occur in association with
  disorders such as parkinsonian syndromes and
  Wilson's disease.

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Diagnosis of Blepharospasm

• The diagnosis of blepharospasm depends on
  information from the affected individual and the
  physical and neurological examination. At this
  time, there is no test to confirm diagnosis of
  blepharospasm, and, in most cases, assorted
  laboratory tests are normal.

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Symptoms of Blepharospasm

• Blepharospasm affects the eye muscles and
  usually begins gradually with over blinking or
  eye irritation.At initial stages of the
  condition, it may only occur with specific
  precipitating stressors such as bright lights,
  fatigue, and emotional tension. It is almost
  always present in both eyes.As the condition
  progresses, symptoms may happen frequently during
  the day. The spasms disappear in sleep, and some
  people find that after a good night's sleep,
  spasms do not appear for several hours after
  waking.In a few cases, spasms may intensify so
  that the eyelids remain forcefully closed for
  several hours at a time.

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Symptoms of Blepharospasm
Continue

• Blepharospasm can occur with dystonia that
  affects the mouth or jaw (oromandibular
  dystonia). When blepharospasm and oromandibular
  dystonia occur together, the condition may be
  referred to as Meige's syndrome.In such cases,
  spasms of the eyelids are accompanied by jaw
  clenching or mouth opening, grimacing, and tongue
  protrusion.

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Treatment of Blepharospasm

• One of the most effective treatments for
  blepharospasm is to give regular botulinum toxin
  injections to the affected muscles. Medications
  including clonazepam, lorazepam, and
  trihexyphenidyl are helpful in some cases.If
  botulinum toxin injections and medications are
  not effective, myectomy surgery in which portions
  of muscle are removed may also alleviate
  symptoms. Botulinum toxin injections can or
  cannot be required after the myectomy surgery.

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