Relative Clauses: Who, That, Which, etc.

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• Relative Clauses Who, That, Which, etc.

• Presented By Min Kyu Kim

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Table Of Content
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What is a relative clause?
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Clauses Noun  Verb
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So about the punctuation?
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Restrictive Relative Clauses
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Table Of Content
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Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses
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Lets Practice!
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Contact us
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• What is a relative clause?

• Relative clauses are a special form of dependent
  clause that begin with either a relative
  pronoun(who, whom, whose, that, or which) or
  a relative adverb (when, where, or why).
•  You can identify relative clauses easily by
  remembering that they always begin with one of
  these key words.
• The clause itself acts as an adjective phrase,
  describing the noun or noun phrase it modifies.
  In other words, a relative clause will describe
  the noun, telling you which one or what kind it
  is.
• The balloon that floated away was pearl red
  against a bright blue sky.
• In this example, look for the phrase that tells
  you which balloon the author is talking about.
  Which balloon? The one that floated away.

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• Clauses Noun  Verb

• The relative clause above begins with the
  relative pronoun that, according to our rule.
  Also, in order to be a proper clause, it has to
  include both a noun and a verb. 
•  The pronoun that is serving as the noun and
  the verb is floated.
• Some relative clauses will include a relative
  pronoun and a noun within the clause, and some
  will use the relative pronoun itself as the noun.
• The girl that he didnt know quietly watched it
  fly away.
• Which girl? The one he didnt know. This time,
  the relative clause includes a relative pronoun
  as well as a noun (he) and verb (did know). Both
  this and the previous example are grammatically
  acceptable clauses.

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• So about the punctuation?

• Relative clauses will sometimes be offset with
  commas and sometimes written directly after the
  noun they modify (without commas). What
  determines this?
• The trick is to figure out whether the clause
  is restrictive or non-restrictive.
• What does that mean?? A restrictive clause is one
  that gives you essential information. Without it,
  the meaning of the sentence would change and you
  would not be able to tell which one or what
  type any more??the questions we initially said
  a relative clause should answer.
• On the other hand, if the noun is already
  specific, and you would still know exactly which
  one or what type it is, then the relative clause
  is unimportant. If removing the relative clause
  does not change the meaning of the sentence, then
  its non-essential and non-restrictive.

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• Restrictive Relative Clauses

• The park where Joey met Lauren was very scenic.
• If you removed the relative clause where Joey
  met Lauren, would you still know which specific
  park was being talked about?
• The park was very scenic.
• Which park? No idea. The relative clause had
  been restricting the meaning of the noun park
  before by limiting it to a specific one, but now
  it has been removed.
• The meaning of this sentence is not the same,
  since now we have no way to tell which park the
  author is talking about. As a result, you can
  tell the relative clause is restrictive.
  Restrictive relative clauses are not offset by
  commas. Just write them directly after the noun
  they modify (here, thats park).

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• Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses

• However, notice what happens if we use a specific
  proper noun in the first place
• Kitanomaru Park, where Joey met Lauren, was very
  scenic.
• Now that we know the name of the park, does it
  matter if we remove the relative clause?
• Kitanomaru Park was very scenic.
• Which park? Kitanomaru. Since we can still tell
  exactly which park the author is talking about,
  the relative clause becomes extra
  information non-restrictive. In other words, the
  relative clause does not restrict the identity of
  the noun (the park) because it was already
  specified. To indicate that the relative clause
  is less important extra info, place commas on
  both sides of it. the noun they modify (here,
  thats park).

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• Lets Practice!

• Identify the relative clauses below and decide
  whether they are restrictive (R) or
  non-restrictive (NR). Commas have been left out
  so as not to give it away. Check your answers at
  the end of the page!
• The time when we were together became a great
  memory.
• The elephant Kokkiri whom I saw the other day
  knows how to paint.
• My neighbors kid who often plays outside is on
  the wild side.
• The river that is near my house is so pretty in
  the evening.
• The traveler whose bag went missing became really
  angry.
• There is a shortcut which only I know.
• She hesitantly explained the reason why she
  didnt want to go.
• Bergfield Park which is a few blocks from my
  house is a nice place to walk.
• Can you toss me the big blue ball thats over
  there?
• That time five years ago when we were in school
  was really stressful.

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• Lets Practice!

• Answers
• The time when we were together became a great
  memory. (R)
• The elephant Kokkiri, whom I saw the other day,
  knows how to paint. (NR)
• My neighbors kid, who often plays outside, is
  on the wild side. (NR)
• The river that is near my house is so pretty in
  the evening. (R)
• The traveler whose bag went missing became
  really angry. (R)
• There is a shortcut which only I know. (R)
• She hesitantly explained the reason why she
  didnt want to go. (R)
• Bergfield Park, which is a few blocks from my
  house, is a nice place to walk. (NR)
• Can you toss me the big blue ball thats over
  there? (R)
• That time five years ago, when we were in
  school, was really stressful. (NR)

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