Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Causes, Symptoms, Daignosis, Prevention and Treatment

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Myelodysplastic Syndromes
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What are myelodysplastic syndromes?

• Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of
  diseases that is characterized when the bone
  marrow does not produce enough healthy blood
  cells.Although children and young adults
  sometimes have myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
  but most of the people with myelodysplastic
  syndromes (MDS) are over 60 years old.

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What is the cause of Myelodysplastic syndromes
(MDS)?

• Healthy bone marrow makes stem cells, which
  develop into 3 types of blood cells red blood
  cells, white blood cells, and platelets.Myelodys
  plastic syndromes (MDS) can happen when the stem
  cells do not develop properly into mature blood
  cells. Instead the bone marrow makes too many
  immature blood cells called blasts. The blasts do
  not mature and cannot work properly as blood
  cells. They also collect in the bone marrow and
  leave less room for healthy blood cells.The
  cause of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is still
  not known. It can be caused by exposure to
  pesticides, herbicides, and the chemical benzene,
  which is found in unleaded gasoline.

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How is myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
diagnosed? 

• Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and
  medical history to examine you. As other problems
  can too cause some of the same symptoms,
  diagnosis can be made only after careful tests of
  the blood and bone marrow. Tests may include
• Blood tests to count the different types of blood
  cells
• Tests of a sample of bone marrow taken from your
  breastbone or hipbone. First you will be given a
  local anesthetic to numb the area. A needle is
  then passed through your skin into the bone
  marrow. Using a syringe, your doctor takes a tiny
  sample of fluid and tissue to examine under a
  microscope. This procedure is called a bone
  marrow biopsy.

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How long do the effects last? 

• People with mild forms of myelodysplastic
  syndromes (MDS) may live for several years with
  few problems. People with a more severe form of
  myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) may not live long
  after developing the disease.Sometimes,
  myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) can develop into
  a form of leukemia, most often acute myelogenous
  leukemia.Currently, only stem cell transplants
  can cure myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Other
  types of treatment may help you live longer and
  decrease the symptoms.

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What are the symptoms of Myelodysplastic
syndromes (MDS)? 

• The most common symptoms of myelodysplastic
  syndromes are
• Tiredness
• Shortness of breath
• Paleness
• Frequent infections
• Easy bruising and bleeding

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How are myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) treated? 

• There are many ways to treat myelodysplasia
• Blood transfusions to replace the cells which the
  bone marrow is not making
• Chemotherapy (anticancer drugs) to stop the
  growth of immature blood cells
• Transplant of healthy stem cells from a donor
  after you have chemotherapy
• Treatment depends upon the severity of the
  disease, your age, and your overall health. Older
  adults who have other health problems may choose
  supportive care. Supportive care does not cure
  myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Supportive care
  involves transfusions of red blood cells or
  platelets, and taking antibiotics, vitamins, and
  other medicines to ease the symptoms.

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