Melanoma: Causes, Symptoms, Daignosis, Prevention and Treatment

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Melanoma
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What is Melanoma?

• Melanoma can be referred to as the most
  dangerous type of skin cancer and it develops
  from melanocytes. This kind of condition is
  identified by the presence of moles that are
  black or brown in color. Melanoma is more common
  in men than women.Early diagnosis of melanoma
  ensures successful treatment. Undiagnosed
  melanoma can further spread to other parts of the
  body. It is a kind of cancer that develops in
  pigment cells called melanocytes.Melanoma can
  be of very dangerous than other forms of skin
  cancer. This might spread to other parts of the
  body and cause serious illness, or even death.

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Causes of Melanoma

• The main cause of melanomas is the damage which
  is caused to the DNA by exposing it to
  ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun. Genetics
  also play a role in melanoma.

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Risks of Melanoma

• The main risk factors of melanoma include
• Weakened immune system
• Excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays
• History of sunburn

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Preventions

• In order to prevent the occurrence of melanoma,
  one should take care of the following
• Avoiding ultraviolet rays by wearing
  sun-protective clothing
• Using a sunscreen, which is an effective way to
  prevent melanoma (sunscreen ingredients like
  avobenzone, zinc, oxide and titanium dioxide can
  effectively stop and block both UVA and UVB, even
  at a lower sun protection factor)
• Avoiding the use of tanning lamps because they
  emit UV rays

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How is Melanoma diagnosed?

• The most basic and common diagnostic technique
  is visual inspection. Moles that are irregular in
  shape and color are called candidates. It is
  important for people to learn to recognize
  moles.If they do change in any way (in color,
  shape, size, border, etc.) or exhibit other
  features, it is advised to consult a qualified
  physician. 3 types of biopsy to diagnose
  melanomaExcisional Biopsy
• Punch Biopsy
• Incisional Biopsy

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Symptoms of Melanoma

• Some of the common symptoms of melanoma
  include
• Change in the shape and color from pre-existing
  moles
• One half of the mole does not match the other
  half
• The edges of the mole are ragged, blurred, or
  irregular
• Other paraneoplastic symptoms include nausea,
  fatigue, vomiting, and loss of appetite

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How is Melanoma treated?

• If melanoma is diagnosed in its early stages, it
  can be easily treated by biopsy. However, if it
  has spread beyond the skin, treatment options
  includeChemotherapy - Chemotherapy use drugs
  to kill cancer cells. The drugs directly target
  cancer and stop it from spreading to other parts
  of the body.Biological Therapy - It includes
  high-powered energy beams that kill cancer cells.
  This therapy removes lymph nodes and helps
  relieve symptoms of melanoma.

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