Mitral Valve Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms, Daignosis, Prevention and Treatment

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Mitral Valve Stenosis
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Mitral Valve Stenosis

• Mitral valve stenosis is generally a congenital
  heart disorder i.e. it was present when the child
  was born. Around 8 in every 1000 babies born are
  having a congenital heart disorder.Congenital
  mitral valve stenosis means that the valve
  between the left ventricle and left atrium is
  narrower than it should be.Blood regulates from
  the left atrium into the left ventricle and
  further on to the rest of the body. As the valve
  is narrow, blood get collected in the left
  atrium, builds up pressure and may flow back to
  the lungs.Even if the mitral valve is the main
  problem, some children with mitral stenosis have
  other abnormalities on the left side of the
  heart, perhaps in the aortic valve area or in the
  aorta as it leaves the heart.

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What causes mitral valve stenosis?

• The heart is formed early in pregnancy but
  doctors has not fully understand why some
  childrens hearts does not develop properly. For
  the majority of babies born with congenital
  mitral valve stenosis, doctors never find a
  cause.However, the chance of a child having
  this condition increases a little if one or both
  parents had a congenital heart defect.
  Occasionally some conditions such as diabetes or
  medicines taken during pregnancy can also
  increase the risk.Congenital heart defects are
  more common in children with other congenital
  conditions.

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How mitral valve stenosis is normally diagnosed?

• A childs defect may have been diagnosed
  antenatally by our foetal team and will be
  confirmed on admission. Doctors would like
  to use chest X-rays, electrocardiograms (ECG)
  and echocardiograms (Echo) to diagnose congenital
  mitral valve stenosis.An ECG measures the
  electric current passing through the heart. An
  Echo is an ultrasound of the heart and shows not
  only the structure of the heart but the blood
  flow through it.Some children also have a
  cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
  which uses a strong magnetic field, radio waves
  and a computer to make a very detailed image of
  the heart.

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What are the signs symptoms of mitral valve
stenosis?

• Symptoms are often present from birth when the
  baby can be seriously ill or symptoms can develop
  within the first two years of life.There can be
  feeding difficulties available which lead to poor
  weight gain and breathlessness after
  exertion.If the problem progresses, the childs
  nails, lips and skin may develop a blue tinge as
  there is not enough oxygen-rich blood circulating
  around the body. Generally, the heart becomes
  weaker as it has to work much harder to pump
  blood around the body.

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How is mitral valve stenosis treated?

• Doctors will advise treatment depending on the
  narrowness of the mitral valve stenosis and the
  results of the diagnostic tests. Some mild mitral
  valve stenosis, where the valve is only a little
  narrower than normal, might not need any
  treatment but will still need to be assessed
  regularly.If the narrowing is severe enough to
  interfere with a childs progress the treatment
  options will depend on the severity, the size and
  age of the child and whether other valves or
  blood vessels need attention.In young children,
  open heart surgery to repair or replace the valve
  may be the first option. In some of the older
  children, treatment carried out using a catheter
  (thin plastic tube) threaded through the blood
  vessel system to the heart might be possible.

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