WATER ION TREATMENTSYSTEM-IOREX: THE BEST WATER PURIFIER

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WATER ION TREATMENTSYSTEM-IOREX THE BEST WATER
PURIFIER
Dr. HUSSAIN ULLAH (Ph.D Chemistry) Integrated
Solution Email chem_hussain_at_yahoo.com
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INTRODUCTION TO WATER QUALITY POLUTTION
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical or
biological characteristics of water. It is a
measure of the condition of water relative to
its impact on living organism. Water is an
essential key in our lives, and the quality of
water we drink reflects our health. Billions of
people worldwide are drinking unsafe water. In
modern times, however, we are living in an
environment that cannot exist without filtering
water.
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Chemicals used in agriculture, industry,
transportation, and homes can spill and leak into
groundwater and make it undrinkable. Polluted
water causes illness and death in humans and
other species and disrupts ecosystems. Water
pollution is one of the major threats to public
health in Pakistan. Pakistan ranks at number 80
among 122 nations regarding drinking
water quality. The quality of water depends upon
the absence or presence of contaminants.
Water Supply Schemes for Karachi
Industrial wastes ( Karachi)
Drainage of waste water
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Drinking water sources, both surface and
groundwater are contaminated with coliforms,
toxic metals, pesticides etc throughout the
country. Water pollution/contamination is any
chemical, biological, or physical change in water
quality that has harmful effect on living
organism or makes water unsuitable for desired
uses. It has been suggested that it is one of
the leading worldwide cause of deaths and
disease, and that it accounts for the death of
more than 14,000 people daily.
Water pipe sewerages
Purifier
IOREX ?
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SOURCES OF POLUUTION/CONTAMINATION

• Organic acids
• Minerals such as manganese, iron.
• industrial wastes
• Algae and weeds

Physical Parameters
Color
Taste

• Sulphates , chlorides bicarbonates (Na, K, Ca,
  Mg)
• Soluble organic
• moieties

Sources
Chemical Parameters
Common Water Quality Problems

• Pesticides( DDT) etc,
• Industrial wastes (PCBs) etc.

Sources
Salts conc. (TDS)
Organic moieties (TDS)
Chemical Parameters
Bacteriological
Sources

• Sub group of Fecal
• coliform
• Feces from infected humans or animals

Sources

• Present in feces and exist
• in the intestine of warm
• blooded animals.

Total Coliforms
Faecal Coliform
Escherichia coli
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IMPLICATIONS OF WATER BORNE DISEASES/PATHOGENS
Waterborne diseases are those diseases caused by
water containing pathogenic micro-organisms that
are transmitted through water. Disease can be
spread while drinking infected/contaminated
drinking water.

• Polio Virus
• Paralytic Poliomyelitis
• Rotaviruses Gastroenteritis
• Norwalk Viruses Gastroenteritis
• Hepatitis Type A and E - liver inflammation

• Vibrio cholera
• cholera
• Yersiniaenterocolitica
• Gastroenteritis
• Escherichia coli
• Gastroenteritis
• Shigella sp
• Gastroenteritis
• Listeriamonocytogenes
• flu-like symptoms
• Salmonella sp.
• Gastroenteritis, typhoid
• Campylobacter jejuni
• Gastroenteritis (animals sources)

Virus
Bacteria
WATER BORNE DISEASES
Protozoa

• Entamoeba histolytica- amoebic dysentery
• Giardia lamblia - intestinal disease
• Cryptosporidium - intestinal disease

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Polio
Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease)
Syphilis rash
Dracunculiasis
Virus
Bacteria
Hepatitis
Exposure to microbes
Bacteria
Virus
Salmonella typhi Bacteria
Virus
Human hands contaminated with colonies of
bacteria Blue/pink patches)
Fungus
Typhoid and Cholera
Meningitis
Ringworm (tinea)
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EFFECTS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Water has a unique place on planet as it supports
life on earth. There are some parameters which
reflect the quality of water and also effect
human health when present in excess/or deficient
in drinking water. These parameters are of
physical as well as Chemical nature.
Excess Diarrhea, cathartic,
laxative, corrosive especially when combined
with magnesium and sodium.
Excess Undesirable tastes corrosion of pipes
Excess Bitter taste, damage soil
and reduces crop yields, precipitate can foul
pipes , hardness of the water , Alkalinity,
Sulphates
Chlorides
Excess cathartic and diuretic
effects, Urolithiasis. Deficiency Nervousness,
Insomnia, cramps in the toes, feet, legs, or
fingers.
Bicarbonates
Excess Hypertension, bitter taste , kidney and
cardiac problems (Na), bladder infection,
ovarian cysts and weekend immune system ,
hyperkalema (K).
Diseases
Ca, Mg
K, Na
Nitrite Nitrate
Heavy Metals
Organic Moieties
pH
Excess Dermal lesions, skin cancer,
hyperkeratosis hyper- and hypopigmentation,,
(As), Rusting , bittersweet astringent taste
(Fe), Wilson disease (Cu), a metabolic poison
(Pb), damage the kidneys , destruction of
testicular tissues and destruction of red blood
cells (Cd)
Excess Methemoglobinemia or blue-baby
syndrome,
pH Effect the solubility of Fe. Organic
Moieties Hypertrophy (DDT), cancers of the
digestive tract, liver and skin (PCBS)
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Copper
NO2- , NO32-
Wilson disease
Exposures to Pollutants
Blue baby Syndrome
Anemia, severe Muscle pain
Arsenicosis
Fluoride
Fluorosis
Arsenic
Cadmium
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DRINKING WATER PROBLEMS IN PAKISTAN
Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources
(PCRWR) has successfully launched a detail water
quality profile of Rural areas in Pakistan under
the National Water Quality Monitoring Program
(NWQMP 2002-06). Out of the 14000 samples
collected from the entire country only 18
sources were declared safe for drinking purposes
whereas 82 water samples were beyond the
Pakistan Standard and Water Quality Authority
(PSQCA) which led us to the conclusion that the
Federal, Provincial and Local Governments need to
take precautionary measures for the provision of
safe drinking water to the natives of rural
communities in order to prevent water born
diseases. Advocacy efforts for the awareness and
education of the villagers regarding the water
quality testing and treatment are required.
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PERCENTAGE CONTAMINATION LEVEL OF DIFFERENT
REGIONS IN PAKISTAN
Parameters Punjab Federal Capital Islamabad Khyber Pukhtunkhwa Sindh Balochistan
Fe 3-81 --------- 27 57
Cl- 16-49 --------- --- 23-61
S042- 7-40 10-32
NO31- 3-19 33 13-22 5-84
NO21-
HCO31-
TDS 2-71 11 6 35-56 10-14
Turbidity 5-55 9-17 8-35 24-30
EC
Total Hardeness
Fecal coliform 83 90-93
E.coli 90
Bactarial 45-78 40 74-97 16-76 89-100
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WATER CONTAMINENTS THROUGHT THW WORLD
All major water treatment plants are using one or
more processes or technology developed through
WRC funding (water Research Commission). One in
every six human beings has no access to clean
water within a kilometer of their
homes. According to the United Nations, every day
4,500 children under the age of 5 die around the
world, having fallen sick because of unclean
water and sanitation How can we help? Purchasing
or sponsoring filters, each filter kit cost
approx. 60 U.S. dollars and supports an entire
family. If properly maintained these filters can
last a lifetime
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WAYS TO PURIFY DRINKING WATER
Developed countries used Surface water
Japan- process sewer water
Orange County
WATER PURIFICATIONS
worlds largest plant to make sewer water as pure
as distilled water
Korea Use IOREX
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WHY Do WE RECOMMEND IOREX ?
THE USE OF IOREX IS TO

• Remove pathogens because it is difficult to
  analyze numerous pathogens.
• Time and cost prohibitive.
• Need an indicator of potential pathogen
  contamination of water but Iorex is easy,
  reliable, quick, etc.
• Reduce the level of those materials which are
  harmful to health.
• Reduce the level of rusting.

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COMPETITION AND DEFENSIBILITY
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IOREX BENIFITS
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GOALS OF IOREX
Rust, Scale, Slime Remover Corrosion
Preventer
Bacteria Biofilm Eliminator
Ionic exchange
Extends the Lifespan of Water Pipes Equipment
Self operated
No Maintenance
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MECHANSIM OF WATER IONIZATION BY IOREX
When water passes through IOREX system , the
turbulent jet which broke the cluster of water
helping in water activation by striking the water
to the carbon electrodes and generates static
electricity. When the electric charge of the
static electricity level becomes high, electric
discharge takes place and electrons are added to
the water molecules and are ionized.
e--
e--
Water Cluster
Nano bubbles
Galvanic current-
Turbulence Jet
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RUSTING AND CORROSION
Rusting is a type of corrosion and takes place
through an electrochemical mechanism in the
presence of moist air containing dissolved
oxygen or carbon dioxide, the commercial iron
behaves as if composed of small electrical cells.
Water combines with carbon dioxide to form a
weak carbonic acid and becomes a good
electrolyte, or an even better electrolyte. Other
electrolytes also exist that help in
corrosion/rusting. The acid is formed and the
iron is dissolved . The free oxygen and iron
combine into iron oxide, in the process freeing
electrons. The electrons liberated from the anode
portion of the iron flow to the cathode, which
may be a piece of a metal less electrically
reactive than iron, or another point on the piece
of iron itself.
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MECHANISM OF RUST AND CORROSION PREVENTION
Electrons constantly emitted due to the electric
spark through IOREX prevent irons from emitting
its electrons and, thus, prevent oxidation or
corrosion of iron and iron is converted into
reddish-brown rust, called Hematite (Fe2O3) which
is converted into black Magnetite (Fe3O4) which
coats the inside surface of pipe. It takes 1-4
weeks to remove existing rust thus preventing
leakage and increase the life span of pipe.
After Iorex Installation
Before Iorex Installation
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FORMATION OF SCALE
When water runs through a pipe, water is charged
with anode while the pipe is charged with
cathode. Among the minerals contained in water
are positive ions (cations) such as Ca2, Mg2,
Fe2, and Mn2 and negative ions (anions) such as
SO42-, Cl-, and HCO3-. Scale is formed when those
positive and negative ions combine chemically and
they form a solid clod and changes into a
globular form.
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PREVENTION/REMOVAL OF SCALE
Scale-forming particles change structure due to
an adjusted chemical and ionic environment
created by the device. Turbulence an electric
double-layer promote formation of orbicular
particles that flow smoothly through plumbing
w/out sticking. The ionically-charged water
exiting the IOREX device gradually dissolves and
dislodges existing scale from the pipes inner
surface
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IOREX AND BACTERIA
The electric spark of a electrostatic field
created in IOREX when water passes through it has
a prompt impact and special carbons inside have
an effect on making damages to the cell walls of
bacteria. The antimicrobial substance embedded
IOREX inside has also an effect on removing colon
bacillus and general bacteria.
IOREX
Destroys bacterial cell wall and Kills it
Electrons
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PERFORMANCE AND RESULTS
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CERTIFIED LABORATORY FOR TESTING
The laboratories that were used for the analysis
of water samples to determine the function of
IOREX are PCRWR, PCSIR and Public Health
department Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and are certified
by the State or EPA to conduct analyses of
compliance drinking water and surface/source
water.
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DRINKING WATER TESTS FOR PHYSICOCHEMICAL
MICROBIAL PARAMETRES BY APPROVED METHODS
Inlet Source Physco-Chemical Results PCSIR
Inlet Source Microbial Results PCSIR
Parameters Method No. Units Results Expanded Uncertainty () PSCSA Standard 210 (Drinking Water)
Total Hardness as CaCO3 2340. C mg/L 341.86 3.33 Max500.00
Ca as CaCO3 3500-Ca. B mg/L 195.54 2.47 Max 200.00
Mg as CaCO3 3500-Mg. B mg/L 146.32 - Max 100
Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 2320. B mg/L 303.13 3.27 -
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540. C mg/L 512.33 2.30 Max1000
Conductivity 2510. B µS/cm 746.67 2.32 -
pH 4500-H.B - 7.21 0.18 6.50-8.50
Chlorides as Cl 4500-Cl . B mg/L 36.44 2.87 Max 500.00
Sulphates as SO4 4500-SO4. E mg/L 156.68 - Max 400.00
Nitrite as NO2 4500-NO2. B mg/L 0.46 - Max 50
Sodium as Na 3500-Na mg/L 32.10 1.70 Max 200.00
Potassium as K 3500-K mg/L 4.50 0.64 -
Turbidity 2130. B NTU 0.87 - 5.00
Color 2120. B - Colorless Colorless
Taste 2150. B Objectionable Unobjectionable
Fecal Coliform bacteria Coliform bacteria(MPN/100mL) Total Plate Count (cfu/ml) Parameters
Present 3.6 390 Results
Absent lt1.1 lt100 Standard
9221A-E 9221A-E 9215A-B Method No.
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units
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DRINKING WATER TESTS FOR PHYSICOCHEMICAL
MICROBIAL PARAMETRES BY APPROVED METHODS
Outlet Source Physco-Chemical Results PCRWR
Microbial Results PCRWR
Parameters Method No. Units Results Det. Limits PSCSA Standard 210 (Drinking Water)
Total Hardness as CaCO3 2340. C mg/L 360 5.0 Max500.00
Ca as CaCO3 3500-Ca. B mg/L 64 2.0 Max 200.00
Mg as CaCO3 3500-Mg. B mg/L 48 1.0 Max 100
Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 2320. B mg/L 285.6 5.0 -
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540. C mg/L 415 - Max1000
Conductivity 2510. B µS/cm 674 0.2857 NGVS
pH 4500-H.B - 7.2 0.02 6.50-8.50
Chlorides as Cl 4500-Cl . B mg/L 35 2.00 Max 500.00
Sulphates as SO4 4500-SO4. E mg/L 40 0.4 Max 400.00
Nitrite as NO2 4500-NO2. B mg/L BDL 0.05 Max 50
Nitrate as NO3 0.13 mg/L 7.8 0.13 Max 10
Sodium as Na 3500-Na mg/L 23 1.0 Max 200.00
Potassium as K 3500-K mg/L 2.0 0.2 NGVS
Iron APHA 21st Ed. mg/L 0.3 - BDL
Turbidity 2130. B NTU BDL 0.2 5.00
Color Sensory Evaluation - Colorless Colorless
Taste Sensory Evaluation Objectionable Unobjectionable
Fecal Coliform bacteria(cfu/100ml) E.Coli bacteria(MPN/100mL) Total Coliform (cfu/100ml) Parameters
Nil -ve Nil Results
Nil ve/-ve Nil Standard
9221A-E 9221A-E 9215A-B Method No.
PSQCA Pakistan Standards and Quality Control
Authority, NGVS No Guideline Value Set
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IOREX FUTURE AND APPLICATIONS
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ROLE OF GOVERNMENT

• Everyone needs to be involved
• National Government must provide a framework
  (policy) and legislation for protecting our water
  sources
• Provincial and local level management measures
  and actions must be developed for giving effect
  to the national water quality management
  framework and legislation
• Business Owners
• Industry
• Mines
• Farmers
• Interest Groups
• General Public

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SUMMARY

• When water enters into the device, it produce
  static electricity due to friction and when the
  capacitor present inside the device overcharged
  it discharge with a spark and produce electrons.
• These electrons can
• Ionize maximum water molecules to produce H and
  OH ions.
• Freely move to convert Fe2 to Fe and which is
  converted into Fe3O4 (Hematite) through
  successive reaction which fill the internal
  cavities produced by rusting thus increase the
  life span of the pipeline.
• Destroy bacterial cell wall and kills it. Whereas
  in comparison antibiotic used to kill these
  bacteria are having side effects.
• Bring variations in the Physico-Chemical
  parameters through Zeta Potential.