Dental Implant & Classification

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Dental Implants Classification

• By Dr. Nomi Lee.
• Nomi Lee, DDS
• Address 701 N. Highland Springs STE 11Beaumont,
  CA 92223
• Ph.No 951-845-4557
• www.nomileedds-beaumont.com

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Introduction

• A dental implant is a titanium post that is
  surgically positioned into the jawbone beneath
  the gum line that allows your dentist to mount
  replacement teeth or a bridge into that area.
  Dental implants also benefit general oral health
  because they do not have to be anchored to other
  teeth, like bridges.

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What Is Dental Implant?

• A dental implant is a small titanium screw
  secured in the jawbone that serves as the
  replacement for the root portion of a missing
  natural tooth.
• Titaniums special property of fusing to bone
  allows the dental implant to stabilize the bone
  preventing bone loss and maintaining its shape
  and density.
• The implant serves as an anchor for the
  replacement tooth or teeth (single crowns,
  bridges or dentures)
• Dental implants are surgically placed into the
  jaw. They can be placed in either the upper or
  lower jaw.
• Dental implants can be used in solutions for
  replacing single or multiple missing teeth.

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Classification of Dental Implant

• The classification of dental implant is based on
  five things
• 1. Implant Design.
• 2. Mechanism of attachment.
• 3. Design of microscopic body.
• 4. Surface of the implant.
• 5. Material Used.

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• Implant Design
• Implant design is sub classified as follows.
• Endosteal Implant.
• Subperiosteal Implant.
• Transosteal Implant.
• Intramucosal Implant.

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Endosteal Implant

• These implant is made of metallic, ceramic or
  polymeric material and is available in the form
  of blade, screw or pin (Cylinder). They are horse
  shoe shaped device placed above gum tissue. This
  is the most commonly used and safer method than
  other methods. This endosteal implant is usually
  placed into the bone.

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Subperiosteal Implant

• This implant is a lightly weighted metal implant.
  This is placed under the bone and is suitable for
  patients having limited jaw structure.

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Transosteal Implant

• This implant is recommended for people who do not
  have enough jaw bone and no teeth on the lower
  jaw. This is placed through the chin bone until
  it gets exposed into the mouth.

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Intramucosal Implant

• This implant is designed in a mushroom shape with
  titanium projections. In this treatment, implants
  are placed in two rows and then dentures are
  placed on implants.

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Mechanism of attachment

• Mechanism of attachment is subclassified as
• 1. Osseointegration.
• 2. Fibrointegration.

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Osseointegration

• It is a process in which an implant is placed in
  such a mechanism that there is a contact between
  bone and the loaded implant's surface. With this
  process, one can replace from a single tooth to
  all the teeth on upper and lower jaw.

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Fibrointegration

• It is also known as periodontal fibers. In this
  treatment, there is an encapsulation of implant
  with the soft tissue. The abutment is attached
  immediately after the placement of an implant.

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Design of microscopic body

• Design of microscopic body is sub classified as
• 1. Cylinder dental implant.
• 2. Thread dental implant.
• 3. Plateau dental implant.
• 4. Perforated dental implant.
• 5. Solid dental implant.
• 6. Hallow dental implant.

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Cylinder dental implant

• This dental implant is available in a cylindrical
  shape with a small surface area. This is used to
  replace single teeth on the jaw bone.

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Thread dental implant

• In these dental implant, the surface is threaded
  to maximize the surface area of the implant.

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Plateau dental implant

• These dental implants have sloping shoulder and
  are a plateau in shape. It has a maximum strength
  between the bone and the implant surface area.

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Perforated dental implant

• These dental implants are perforated with the
  mixture of cellulose acetate and supported by the
  perforated metallic sheet layer.

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Solid dental implant

• This dental implant has a circular cross-section
  without vent or hallow in the body.

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Hallow dental implant

• These dental implants are hallow shaped in the
  apical portion and perforations are made on the
  sides of the implant.

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Surface of the implant

• Surface of the implant is sub classified as
• 1. Smooth surface implant.
• 2. Machined surface implant.
• 3. Textured surface implant.
• 4. Coated surface implant.

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Smooth surface implant

• These smooth surface implant is designed to have
  a very smooth surface and is used to prevent the
  microbial plaque retention.

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Machined surface implant

• These implants provide support to the bone and
  are machined on their surface.

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Textured surface implant

• These implant the bondage between the implant and
  the bone increases the surface roughness of the
  implant.

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Coated surface implant

• The coating materials used for coating the
  implants are titanium and hydroxyapatite.

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Material used

• Based on the type of material used the dental
  implant are classified as
• 1. Metallic implant.
• 2. Ceramic implant.
• 3. Polymeric implant.
• 4. Carbon compounded implant.

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Metallic implant

• The commonly used metallic implants are made up
  of titanium, stainless steel, Vitallium, and
  cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy.

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Ceramic implant

• These implants are coated with ceramic materials
  like plasma sprays to produce bioactive surface.

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Polymeric implant

• These dental implant are made of Poly Methyl
  methacrylate and polytetraflouroethylene. These
  implants acts as adjuncts with other implants.

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Carbon compounded implant

• These dental implants are made up of carbon or
  stainless steel.

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