Morphology of Flowering Plants

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Morphology of Flowering Plants
? EXERCISE
1. Describe various parts of an angiospermic
plant with a well labelled diagram.
2. Describe different modifications of root with
suitable examples.
3. Describe the underground modifications of stem.
4. What is aestivation? Describe various types of
aestivation.
5. Give a brief account of various types of
fruits.
6. Explain with suitable examples the different
types of phyllotaxy. Give significance of
phyllotaxy.
7. Classify meristems on the basis of their
position in plant body and describe the
different types.
OR
Give the classification of meristem according to
its position.
OR
State the location and function of different
types of meristems.
OR
8. Describe various types of vascular bundles.
9. Give a brief account of water conducting
tissue of higher plants.
OR
Describe the structure of xylem.
10. Sketch, label and describe T.S. of Typical
dicot stem.
OR
With the help of a neat labelled diagram,
describe T.S. of dicot stem (sunflower).
11. Differentiate between root and stem.
12. What is phyllotaxy? Give its significance.
13. Potato is a stem and sweet potato is a
root Justify the statement.
14. Differentiate between actinomorphic and
zygomorphic flower.
15. Describe the structure of a typical fruit.
16. Describe racemose type of inflorescence.
17. Describe different types of placentation.
18. Describe vexillary aestivation with a
suitable example.
19. Describe the first accessory whorl of the
flower.
20. What are true and false fruits ? Explain
with examples.
21. Write a note on aggregate fruits.
22. Sketch and lable V.S of mango fruit.
23. Describe sclerenchyma fibres. OR
With a suitable diagram describe Sclerenchyma.
Add a note on its occurrence and
types. Also explain its functions.
24. Describe the living tissue that gives
flexible mechanical strength. OR
25. Write a short note on collenchyma.
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26. Enlist characteristics of meristematic
tissues.
OR
Give the characteristics of meristematic tissues.
27. Describe parenchyma in detail.
OR
Write a note on parenchyma.
28. Sketch and label T.S. of phloem tissue.
29. Write short notes on
a. Pneumatophore
b. Stilt roots
c. Phylloclade
d. Bulbil
e. Leaf tendril
30. Enlist various symbols used in writing
floral formula.
31. Give the vegetative and floral characters
(two each) of family Fabaceae.
32. Define the following terms
a. Placentation
b. Actinomorphic flower
c. Zygomorphic flower
d. Perigynous flower
e. Apocarpous pistil
33. Why stilt roots are present in monocots like
maize and jowar ?
34. Why phylloclade of Opuntia is thick and
fleshy?
35. What are tendrils ?
36. Why vascular bundles of dicot stem are
described as conjoint, collateral and open
37. What is polyarch condition ?
38. What is dorsiventral leaf ?
39. Why concentric bundles are always closed ?
40. What is hard bast ?
41. How is the arrangement of vascular bundles
in dicot and monocot stem ?
42. How are the vascular bundles of root ?
43. Which is the most evolved and dominating
member of kingdom plantae?
44. How many species of flowering plants are
present?
45. Define the following terms.
i. Morphology
ii. Anatomy
46. Describe various parts of an angiospermic
plant with a well labelled diagram.
47. What is root system and shoot system?
48. Give the characteristics of root.
49. Describe various regions of a typical root
with the help of a neat labelled diagram.
50. Give normal functions of root.
51. Explain various types of adventitious roots
which are modified for mechanical
support.
52. Mention the types of root system.
53. Describe tap root or true root system.
54. Describe adventitious or fibrous root system.
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55. Differentiate between Tap root system and
Adventitious root system.
56. Differentiate between Fibrous root and
Adventitious root.
57. What is modification of roots? Explain the
modification of tap roots for storage.
58. Explain the modification of adventitious
roots for food storage.
59. Write a note on epiphytic roots.
60. Why epiphytic roots are also called as
assimilatory roots?
61. Give an account of roots modified for
absorption. OR
62. Write a note on Parasitic roots/Sucking
roots/Haustoria.
63. What are the normal functions of root?
64. What is meant by modification of root? What
type of modification of root are found in
(A) Banyan tree
(B) Turnip
(C) Mangrove trees.
65. Define the following terms
i. Stem
ii. Bud
iii. Apical bud
iv. Axillary bud
v. Adventitious bud
vi. Node
vii. Internode
66. Sketch and label a typical stem.
67. What are the primary functions of stem?
68. Write the important characteristics of the
stem.
69. Give an account of various types of buds.
70. What are the various modifications shown by
stem?
71. Explain various sub-aerial modifications of
stem.
72. Describe various aerial modifications of
stem.
73. Describe the modifications of stem with
suitable examples.
74. What are cladodes?
75. Give the characteristics of leaf.
76. Give an account of various parts of a
typical dicot leaf.
77. What is venation? Write its types and add a
note on significance of venation.
78. Define simple leaf and Compound leaf.
79. What are the two types of compound leaves?
80. How is pinnately compound leaf different
from a palmately compound leaf?
81. Give an account of leaf spines.
82. Write a note on leaf hook,
83. Write a note on phyllode.
84. How do various leaf modification help plants?
85. Write the primary functions of leaf.
86. Distinguish between phylloclade and phyllode.
87. Define inflorescence and state its types.
88. Explain cymose inflorescence.
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89. Define the term inflorescence. Explain the
basis for the different types of
inflorescence in flowering plants.
90. Write the significance of inflorescence.
91. Differentiate between racemose and cymose
inflorescence.
92. Define flower. Describe structure of a
typical flower and mention important
functions of each part. OR
What is a flower? Describe the parts of a typical
angiospermic flower.
93. Explain the classification of flowers based
on the position of ovary in the flower or
insertion of floral leaves. OR
Describe the arrangement of floral members in
relation to their insertion on
thalamus.
94. Write the functions of
i. Calyx
ii. Corolla
95. What are unisexual and bisexual flowers?
96. What is hermaphrodite flower?
97. Which whorls are essential floral whorls?
What functions do they serve?
98. What is adelphy?
99. Write a note on Adelphy? in stamens.
100. Write the structural characteristics of
anther.
101. Define syngeny.
102. What is a connective?
103. Define the following terms
i. Aestivation
ii. Placentation
iii. Actinomorphic flower
iv. Zygomorphic flower
v. Superior ovary
vi. Perigynous flower
vii. Apocarpous pistil
viii. Irregular flower/Asymmetrical flower
vii. Epipetalous stamens
viii. Syncarpous gvnoecium
ix. Apocarpous gynoecium
104. Classify flowers on the basis of symmetry.
105. Differentiate between Apocarpous and
syncarpous ovary.
106. Justify the following statements on the
basis of external features
107. Define fruit.
108. What are parthenocarpic fruits?
109. With suitable diagram give an account of
composite or multiple fruits.
110. Define seed
111. Describe the structure of a dicotyledonous
seed.
OR
Draw a labelled diagram of gram seed.
112. Describe the structure of a
monocotyledonous seed.
OR
Draw the labelled diagram of V.S of maize grain.
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113. Define floral diagram.
114. In C(5), what does symbol C, number 5 and
bracket indicate?
115. Describe the family Fabaceae with suitable
floral diagram. OR
Take one flower of family Fabaceae and write its
essential description. Also draw
their floral diagrams after studying them.
116. Give the economic importance of family
Fabaceae.
117. Describe the family Solanaceae with
suitable floral diagram. OR
118. Take one flower of family Solanaceae and
write its essential description. Also draw
their floral diagrams after studying them.
119. Give the economic importance of family
solanaceae.
120. Describe the family Liliaceae with suitable
floral diagram.
121. Give the economic importance of family
Liliaceae.
122. Write the floral formula of a
actinomorphic, bisexual, hypogynous flower with
five
united sepals, five free petals, five free
stamens and two united carpels with superior
ovary and axile placentation.
123. Define the following
1. Tissue
2. Meristematic tissue
3. Simple tissues
4. Complex tissues
5. Permanent tissues
6. Aerenchyma
7. Primary xylem
8. Secondary xylem
124. Which is the most important characteristics
of meristematic tissue?
125. Give the classification of Meristems on the
basis of origin and development.
126. What is the function of inter-calary
meristem?
127. Classify meristems on the basis of
functions.
128. Give the functions of meristem.
129. Which are complex permanent tissues?
130. Why are xylem and phloem called complex
tissue?
131. Write the characteristic features of
permanent tissues.
132. What is the function of aerenchyma?
133. Which cells are also called stone cells?
134. Describe the structure of phloem. OR
Sketch and label. T.S. of phloem tissue
135. Differentiate between xylem and phloem.
136. In which type of vascular bundle secondary
growth can take place?
137. What is concentric vascular bundle?
138. With the help of a neat labelled diagram,
describe the anatomy of a dicot root.
139. With the help of a neat labelled diagram,
describe the T.S. of a monocot root.
140. Distinguish between anatomy of dicot and
monocot roots.
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141. With the help of a neat labelled diagram,
describe the structure of monocot stem.
142. Draw illustrations to bring out the
anatomical difference between
a. Monocot root and dicot root
b. Monocot stem and dicot stem
143. With the help of a neat labelled diagram,
describe the internal structure of
dorsiventral leaf.
144. With the help of a neat labelled diagram,
describe the anatomy of isobilateral leaf.
145. What is the difference between dorsiventral
and isobilateral leaf?
? MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Roots are described as adventitious depending
upon their
(A) anatomy
(C) function
(B) origin
(D) position (aerial or underground)
2. A fibrous root system is best adapted to
perform which of the following functions?
(A) Storage of food
(B) Transport of water and organic food
(C) Absorption of water and minerals from
(D) Anchorage of the plant into the soil
3. Adventitious roots develop from
(A) radicle
(B) any part of the plant body except the radicle
(C) flower
(D) embryo
4. In sweet potato, food is stored in
(A) roots
(B) stem
(C) leaves
(D) petiole
5. The root system grow out from the
(A) plumule of the embryo
(C) embryo of the seed
(B) radicle of the embryo
(D) all of these
6. The conical root of carrot is a
(A) fibrous root
(C) adventitious root
(B) tap root
(D) haustorial root
7. Pneumatophores are found in the plants growing
in
(A) swamps
(B) alpine region (C) foot hills
(D) along the river banks
8. When the root is swollen in the middle and
tapers at both ends, it will be called as
(A) tuberous root
(C) conical root
(B) fusiform root
(D) napiform root
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9. A spongy tissue called velamen is present in
(A) breathing roots
(C) tuberous roots
(B) parasitic roots
(D) epiphytic roots
10. Pneumatophores are helpful in
(A) protein synthesis
(C) transpiration
(B) respiration
(D) carbohydrate metabolism
11. Stilt roots are
(A) primary roots
(C) secondary roots
(B) adventitious roots
(D) tap roots
12. Which of the following is not a food storage
modification of stem?
(A) Stolon
(B) Corm
(C) Tuber
(D) Bulb
13. Total stem parasite is
(A) Cuscuta
(B) Loranthus
(C) Rafflesia
(D) Viscum
14. The primary function of stem is
(A) to bear and expose leaves to sunlight
(B) to anchor the plant in soil
(C) to absorb water and mineral salts from the
soil
(D) to help in vegetative reproduction
15. The stem modified to perform the function of
leaf and with many intemodes is called
(A) phylloclade
(B) cladode
(C) offset
(D) phyllode
16. Pulvinus leaf base is present in
(A) mango
(B) jowar
(C) banana
(D) banyan
17. The axillary buds arise
(A) at the end point of stem tip
(B) between leaf lamina and stem axis
(C) below leaf lamina and stem axis
(D) at leaf margins
18. Corm is
(A) a horizontal underground stem
(B) an underground root
(C) an underground vertical stem
(D) an aerial stem modification
19. Sweet potato is a modification of
(A) leaf
(C) tap root
(B) adventitious root
(D) stem
20. Which one of the following is not related to
corm?
(A) Nodes
(B) Internodes
(C) Scaly leaves
(D) Tunicates
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21. Phylloclade is the modification of
(A) leaf
(B) stem
(C) petiole
(D) root
22. The edible portion in a fresh onion comprises
(A) leaf bases
(C) swollen stem
(B) buds and leaf bases
(D) disc-like stem
23. A rhizome differs from corm in its
(A) thickness
(C) direction of growth
(B) basic organization
(D) nature of leaves
24. The tendrils of sweet pea plant are modified
(A) axillary buds
(C) terminal leaflets of a compound leaf
(B) stipules
(D) aerial roots
25. In which of the following the stem is very
much reduced?
(A) Bulb
(B) Rhizome
(C) Corm
(D) Phylloclade
26. Eyes in potato tubers represent
(A) scars
(B) internodes
(C) root bases
(D) nodes with buds
27. Cladode is the characteristic morphological
feature of
(A) Asparagus
(B) Opuntia
(C) Cactus
(D) Citrus
28. Modification of petiole into leaf-like
structure is called
(A) cladode
(B)phylloclade
(C) phyllode
(D) diode
29. The leaves without petiole are called
(A) sessile
(B) petiolate
(C) rachis
(D) lamina
30. Flower is best defined as a
(A) modified gametophyte
(C) vegetative propagule
(B) modified shoot
(D) modified sporophyll
31. When sepals fall just after opening of the
flower, they are termed as
(A) persistent
(B) caduceus
(C) remnant
(D) deciduous
32. An important function of flower is
(A) secretion of nectar
(C) production of offsprings
(B) insect pollination
(D) aesthetic
33. Non-essential floral parts are
(A) corolla and calyx
(C) calyx and gynoecium
(B) corolla and carpel
(D) androecuim and gynoecium.
34. Leaf apex is modified into tendril in
(A) Gloriosa
(B) Pea
(C) Smilax
(D) Lathyrus
35. The venation pattern in mango is
(A) reticulate unicostate
(C) reticulate multicostate
(B) parallel unicostate
(D) parallel multicostate
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36. In a raceme, the flowers are
(A) arranged in a basipetal succession
(B) arranged in an aeropetal succession
(C) of separate sexes
(D) of same sex
37. One of the following is characteristic of
cymose inflorescence
(A) Centripetal opening of flowers
(C) Acropetal succession of flowers
(B) Basipetal succession of flowers
(D) Simultaneous opening of flowers
38. Racemose inflorescence is found in
(A) Jasmine
(B) Rose
(C) China rose
(D) Caesalpinia
39. The axis of the inflorescence is known as
(A) Thalamus
(B) Peduncle
(C) Pedicel
(D) Petiole
40. If the penduncle shows indeterminate or
indefinite growth producing flowers
laterally in an acropetal order i.e., youngest
near the apex and older near the base of
the inflorescence is
(A) racemose
(B) cymose
(C) mixed
(D) specialised
41. When the gynoecium is present at the topmost
position of the thalamus, the flower
is known as
(A) inferior
(B) epigynous
(C) perigynous
(D) hypogynous
42. When the flower is hypogynous, the ovary is
said to be
(A) inferior
(B) superior
(C) semi-inferior
(D) semi-superior
43. If the ovary is situated at the centre of
remaining three whorls is, then it is known as
(A) perigynous
(B) epigynous
(C) hypogynous
(D) actinomorphic
44. The part of the seed which forms the shoot
at the time of germination is called
(A) plumule
(B) radicle
(C) epicotyl
(D) hypocotyl
45. The most characteristic feature of basal
placentation is
(A) single ovule
(C) multilocular condition
(B) bilocular condition
(D) presence of central axis
46. The mode of arrangement of leaves on the
stem and the branch is known as
(A) vernalization
(B) venation
(C) venation
(D) phyllotaxy
47. Which one of the following is not a fruit?
(A) Tomato
(B) Cucumber
(C) Pumpkin
(D) Potato
48. Pineapple is an example of
(A) simple dry fruit
(C) aggregate fruit
(B) composite fruit
(D) simple-fleshy fruit
49. Find the odd one out.
(A) alternate
(B) whorled
(C) marginal
(D) opposite
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50. If the margins, sepals and petals do not
overlap but they just touch each other, it is
described as
(A) vexillary
(B) valvate
(C) imbricate
(D) contorted
51. In cucumber, the edible part is
(A) mesocarp
(C) pericarp and thalamus
(B) endocarp
(D) pericarp, placenta and seeds
52. Papilionaceous corolla is the characteristic
feature of ___________ family.
(A) Solanaceae
(B) Fabaceae
(C) Liliaceae
(D) Malvaceae.
53. Brinjal belongs to family
(A) Liliaceae
(B) Fabaceae
(C) Malvaceae
(D) Solanaceae
54. __________ family is the characteristic
representative of monocotyledonous plants.
(A) Solanaceae
(B) Fabaceae
(C) Malvaceae
(D) Liliaceae
55. Meristematic tissues are found in
(A) only stems of the plants
(C) in all growing tips of the plant body
(B) both roots and stems
(D) only roots of the plants
56. Outer seed coat is called
(A) testa
(B) tegmen
(C) raphe
(D) micropyle
57. Fibres associated with phloem are called as
(A) intraxyllary
(C) bast fibers
(B) sclerenchyma fibres
(D) cortical fibres
58. Most active cell divisions occur in cells of
(A) xylem
(C) apical meristem
(B) phloem
(D) sclerenchyma
59. Meristematic cells contain
(A) thin homogenous cell wall
(C) large nuclei
(B) dense cytoplasm
(D) all of these
60. Primary tissues of a plant
(A) add to the length of roots and shoots
(B) add to the diameter of existing roots and
shoots
(C) are only in the embryo
(D) are only in the seedling
61. Collenchyma differs from sclerenchyma in
(A) retaining protoplasm at maturity
(B) having thick walls
(C) having inside lumen
(D) being dead
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62. Generally, plant cell wall is made up of
(A) cellulose and pectin
(C) chitin
(B) only cellulose
(D) murein
63. The characteristic feature of meristematic
tissue is
(A) large sized cells
(C) presence of mucilage
(B) thin cell walls
(D) presence of vacuoles
64. One thing that is common between
sclerenchyma and collenchyma is
(A) to provide support
(C) help in buoyancy
(B) help in material transport
(D) conduction of water and minerals
65. Which of the following tissues is with dead
thick-walled cells without intercellular
spaces?
(A) parenchyma
(B) collenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) phloem
66. Parenchyma has
(A) inter cellular spaces and uniform thickening
(B) deposition on comers
(C) deposition at angles
(D) deposition in forms of bands
67. Thickening of collenchyma are due to
(A) lignin and pectin
(C) cellulose
(B) pectin and hemicellulose
(D) cellulose and pectin
68. The cells which have lignin at comers are
(A) parenchyma
(B) collenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) none of
these
69. Lignified cell wall is the characteristic
feature of
(A) phloem cells
(B) epidermal cells (C) cambial cells (D) xylem
cells
70. Dead cells that serve a mechanical function
are called
(A) sclerenchyma
(C) wood parenchyma
(B) companion cells
(D) collenchyma.
71. In which of the following characters, a
monocot root differs from dicot root?
(A) open vascular bundle
(C) radial vascular bundles
(B) large pith
(D) scattered vascular bundles
72. Sieve tubes are components of
(A) xylem
(B) phloem
(C) parenchyma
(D) sclerenchyma
73. Hypodermis is collenchymatous in
(A) monocot stem
(C) both (A) and (B)
(B) dicot stem
(D) monocot root
74. Lysigenous cavity filled with water is
present in
(A) dicot stem
(B) monocot stem (C)monocot root
(D) dicot root
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75. Lignin is the important constituent in cell
wall of
(A) parenchyma
(B) meristem
(C) phloem
(D) xylem
76. Apical meristem, intercalary meristem and
lateral meristem are differentiated on the
basis of
(A) Development
(B) function
(C) origin
(D) position
77. Conduction of water occurs through
(A) parenchyma
(B) sclerenchyma (C) xylem
(D) phloem
78. The vascular bundle in a dicot stem are
(A) collateral and open
(C) bicollateral and open
(B) radial
(D) collateral and closed
79. Vascular bundles of dicot root are
(A) radial exarch
(C) conjoint exarch
(B) radial endarch
(D) conjoint endarch
80. The tissue responsible for translocation of
food material is
(A) xylem
(B) cambium
(C) parenchyma (D) phloem
81. Xylem and phloem are described as
(A) meristematic tissues
(C) simple permanent tissues
(B) storage tissues
(D) complex permanent tissues
82. The tissue which is present in between xylem
and phloem of stem is called
(A) apical meristem
(C) vascular cambium
(B) pericycle
(D) cork cambium
83. Find the odd one out
(A) phloem
(B) collenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) parenchyma
84. Which of the following give mechanical
strength to the plant?
(A) xylem
(B) parenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) both(A)
and (C)
85. In a dicot stem, the vascular bundle is
(A) radial
(B) concentric
(C) closed
(D) collateral
86. In collateral vascular bundle,
(A) xylem is outside and phloem is inside
(B) phloem is towards periphery and xylem is
towards centre
(C) xylem is surrounded by phloem
(D) xylem and phloem lie side by side in
different radii
87. Generally, the pith consists of
(A) chlorenchyma (B) sclerenchyma (C)
parenchyma (D) xylem
88. Vessels are present in
(A) all plants
(B) spermatophyte (C) augiosperm
(D) dicots
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? ANSWER TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
l. (B)
2. (D)
3. (B)
4. (A)
5. (B)
6. (B)
7. (A)
8. (B)
9. (D)
10. (B)
11. (B)
12. (A)
13. (A)
14. (A)
15. (A)
16. (A)
17. (B)
18. (C)
19. (B)
20. (D)
21. (B)
22. (A)
23. (C)
24. (C)
25. (A)
26. (D)
27. (A)
28. (C)
29. (A)
30. (B)
31. (B)
32. (C)
33. (A)
34. (A)
35. (A)
36. (B)
37. (B)
38. (D)
39. (B)
40. (A)
41. (D)
42. (B)
43. (A)
44. (A)
45. (A)
46. (D)
47. (D)
48. (B)
49. (C)
50. (B)
51. (D)
52. (B)
53. (D)
54. (D)
55. (C)
56. (A)
57. (C)
58. (C)
59. (D)
60. (A)
61. (A)
62. (A)
63. (B)
64. (A)
65. (C)
66. (A)
67. (B)
68. (B)
69. (D)
70. (A)
71. (B)
72. (B)
73. (B)
74. (B)
75. (D)
76. (D)
77. (C)
78. (A)
79. (A)
80. (D)
81. (D)
82. (C)
83. (A)
84. (D)
85. (D)
86. (B)
87. (C)
88. (C)
F.Y.J.C. Science
36
Morphology of Flowering Plants