Minerals - Trace Elements

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Minerals Trace Elements
R. C. Gupta M.D. (Biochemistry) Jaip
ur (Rajasthan), India
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E M B - R C G
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The trace elements include?
1. Iron 2. Iodine 3. Copper 4. Zinc 5. Cobalt
6. Manganese 7. Molybdenum 8. Chromium 9.
Selenium 10. Fluorine
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Iron
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Haemoglobin
Haemoglobin is a tetramer made up of four subunits
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Each subunit contains one iron atom
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Myoglobin
Myoglobin is present in muscles
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It is a monomer having one iron atom
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Cytochromes
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Ferritin
E M B - R C G
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E M B - R C G
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Ferric hydro- phosphate micelles
80 Å
120 Å
Apo-ferritin
Ferritin
Ferric hydrophosphate micelles enter the protein
shell to form ferritin
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E M B - R C G
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Haemosiderin
E M B - R C G
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E M B - R C G
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E M B - R C G
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Transferrin
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E M B - R C G
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Transferrin (By Emw - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid94
44665)
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E M B - R C G
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Iron-containing enzymes
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Functions of iron
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Transport of oxygen
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Oxidative reactions
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Tissue respiration
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Iron balance
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E M B - R C G
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Regulation of iron absorption
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Role of hepcidin in iron homeostasis
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Requirement
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Age and sex Requirement
Infants 6-10 mg/day
Children 10 mg/day
Adolescents 12 mg/day
Adult men and postmenopausal women 10 mg/day
Premenopausal and lactating women 15 mg/day
Pregnant women 30 mg/day
E M B - R C G
EMB-RCG
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Dietary sources
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Liver
Kidney
Heart
Animal sources of iron
Eggs
Fish
Meat
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Whole wheat
Figs
Dates
Plant sources of iron
Beans
Spinach
Nuts
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Iron deficiency
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Iron overload
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Haemosiderosis
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Haemochromatosis
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Iodine
E M B - R C G
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Functions
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Absorption
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Daily requirement
Infants 4050 µg/day Children
70120 µg/day Adults
150 µg/day Pregnant women 200
µg/day Lactating women 250 µg/day
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Dietary sources
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Iodine deficiency
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E M B - R C G
Goitre ?
Goitre is endemic in the goitre belt areas
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E M B - R C G
Govt. of India has made iodisation of salt
compulsory
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Copper
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Functions
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Absorption
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Daily requirement
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Liver
Kidney
Meat
Dietary sources of copper
Nuts
Legumes
Raisins
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Disorders of copper metabolism
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Wilsons disease
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Menkes disease
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Zinc
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Functions
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Absorption
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Daily requirement
Age and sex Requirement
Infants 2-3 mg/day
Children 5-8 mg/day
Adult men 12 mg/day
Adult women 10 mg/day
Pregnant women 12 mg/day
Lactating women 12 mg/day
E M B - R C G
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Meat
Liver
Kidney
Dietary sources of zinc
Milk
Yeast
Whole grain cereals
Fish
Eggs
Fish
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Zinc deficiency
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Cobalt
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Manganese
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Molybdenum
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Chromium
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Selenium
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Absorption and excretion
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Fluorine
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Dental fluorosis
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Normal teeth Mild
fluorosis
Moderate fluorosis Severe
fluorosis
Dental fluorosis
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Skeletal fluorosis
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Skeletal fluorosis
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Thank you