Water and electrolyte balance

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Water and Electrolyte Balance
R. C. Gupta M.D. (Biochemistry) Jaip
ur (Rajasthan), India
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EMB-RCG
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Water content is more in muscular persons than in
obese persons
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Solvent power
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Dielectric constant
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Specific heat
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Latent heat of evaporation
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Distribution of water
Compartment Water
Total water in an average man 50 litres
Water in intra-cellular compartment 35 litres
Water in extra-cellular compartment 15 litres
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Osmolality
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Cations
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Anions
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Proteins
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Oncotic pressure
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Water intake and output
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Metabolic water
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In a temperate climate, intake of water is
Source Volume
Drinking water about 1.5 L /day
Water in food and beverages about 1.0 L /day
Metabolic water about 0.3 L /day
Total intake about 2.8 L /day
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Water is lost from the body in the form of
Route Volume
Urine about 1.5 L /day
Faeces about 0.1 L /day
Water vapour in expired air about 0.4 L /day
Water loss in the form of sweat about 0.8 L /day
Total output about 2.8 L /day

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Regulation of water balance
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Glomerular filtration rate
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Tubular re-absorption
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Obligatory re-absorption
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Facultative re-absorption
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Electrolyte balance
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Regulation of sodium
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Regulation of potassium
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Regulation of chloride
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Dehydration
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Correction of dehydration
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Water intoxication
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Diuretics
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Acetazolamide
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Spironolactone
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Thiazides
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Furosemide
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Ethacrynic acid
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Mannitol
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ECF contraction and expansion
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Isotonic ECF contraction
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Hypotonic ECF contraction
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Hypertonic ECF contraction
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Isotonic ECF expansion
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Hypotonic ECF expansion
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Hypertonic ECF expansion
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Hypovolaemia
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Redistribution of water
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Intravenous fluids
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Thank you