Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

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Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

• Newborn adiposity can be a significant predictor
  of obesity in later childhood.
• Acknowledging the early childhood, the
  determinants of newborn body composition is
  essential to delineate risk factors and
  mechanisms that result in excess of newborn
  adiposity, and may inform earlier implementation
  of efforts to prevent childhood obesity.

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Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

• Metabolomics is the scientific study of
  metabolite signatures that occur during a normal
  biological or pathological process in tissues and
  fluids.
• Several factors affect the metabolome, including
  genetics, nutrition, and the environment
  therefore, metabolomics study allows the
  integration of multiple factors affecting the
  development of disease and a more complete
  understanding of a pathophysiological state.

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Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

• Cord blood metabolite levels may represent
  transferring maternal metabolites, metabolite
  fetal synthesis in response to intrauterine
  signs, or a combination.
• A unique signature of the cord blood metabolite
  may emerge as a representation of various factors
  in utero affecting the deposition of fetal fat
  and insulin sensitivity.

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Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

• It is said that the metabolomic assessment is a
  useful tool for biomarker discovery.
• Recent studies have shown that there may be a
  connection between higher plasma levels found in
  in the branched chain, containing aromatic amino
  acids and emerging development of T2D in adults
  and adolescents.

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Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

• Even though research studies have not shown a
  connection between cord blood metabolomics and
  obesity risk factors in early life, it has been
  found that the cord blood metabolome has some
  significant clinical outcomes.
• Doctors found that a newborn and childhood stage
  cord blood metabolome had a considerable
  difference.

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Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

• As a result of environmental interactions, early
  infancy represents a time for changes in neural
  connections during development.
• However, at this time, due to environmental
  exposures, the infant is at risk of chronic
  disease.
• The relationship between postnatal weight gain
  and a few heart diseases along with diabetes and
  obesity is emphasized by doctors.

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Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

• Because the post-natal period provides a time
  after which nutritional optimization and growth
  rates which could gain lifelong benefits could
  have an impact on public health.
• Elvira Isganaitis et al. (2015) had done
  case-control nested study, a longitudinal cohort
  study of both mothers and children.

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Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

• Untargeted Liquid chromatography and mass
  spectrometry was used to measure cord blood
  metabolites categorical analyzes compared
  individual metabolites and pathways that differ
  between cases vs. controls.
• They adapted metabolites for maternal age,
  maternal BMI, and duration of breastfeeding and
  evaluated whether metabolites enhanced the
  ability to anticipate the status of case-control.
  

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Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

• 16 out of 415 detected metabolites showed
  alterations in cases which was an essential
  outcome in treating obesity and other similar
  diseases.
• It was easy for the doctors to predict case
  versus control status after a proper assessment
  of metabolite levels.

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Cord Blood Metabolites and Childhood Obesity

• At the end the conclusion was drawn which
  suggested that cord blood metabolite was actually
  related to postnatal weight gain and it was yet
  not certain whether it was connected to childhood
  obesity or not hence further studies are required
  to reach a conclusive result.