What Is the Medical Treatment for Glaucoma?

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What Is the Medical Treatment for Glaucoma?
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Treatment is designed to lower the IOP by
reducing production or increasing outflow of
aqueous humor. Depending on the type of glaucoma,
medications or surgery are used. IOP usually can
be lowered using different medications in the
form of eyedrops (see How to Instill Your
Eyedrops) and oral or IV medications.
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What Are the Medications for Glaucoma?
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents, alpha-adrenergic
agonists, and prostaglandin analogues are some of
the most commonly used medications.

• Beta-blockers, such as timolol (Timoptic), can
  reduce the amount of aqueous humor produced.
• Alpha-adrenergic agonists, such as brimonidine
  (Alphagan), decrease the production of aqueous
  humor and also improve the drainage of aqueous
  humor.
• Another group of drugs called prostaglandin
  analogs have recently been used. One that may be
  prescribed is latanoprost (Xalatan). They work
  near the drainage area within the eye to increase
  the secondary route of aqueous humor outflow in
  order to lower IOP.

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What Is the Surgery for Glaucoma?
In certain cases, surgery may be required.
If you have angle-closure glaucoma, an operation
called an iridotomy may need to be done. During
an iridotomy, a drainage hole is created in the
iris in order to relieve the increased pressure
inside the eye. This technique can be performed
using a laser therefore, an incision in the eye
is not needed. You may choose to have an
iridotomy after an acute episode of
angle-closure glaucoma or to prevent an attack of
angle-closure glaucoma. Medication normally does
not work well for congenital glaucoma, so surgery
is usually required. Other types of surgery that
are performed to help glaucoma include
trabeculoplasty, cyclophotocoagulation, and
filtering. All of these procedures try to ease
the drainage of aqueous humor in the affected eye
or eyes to decrease IOP. For more information on
these procedures, consult your eye doctor.
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How Do You Prevent Glaucoma?
In most cases, the best prevention for glaucoma
is early detection. If detected early, vision
loss and blindness may be prevented. Anyone older
than 20 years should have a glaucoma screening.
Periodic eye examinations are indicated for the
rest of your life to help prevent and identify
glaucoma, especially if you have certain risk
factors such as being an African American or
having a family history of glaucoma.
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What Is the Prognosis for Glaucoma?
Although glaucoma cannot be cured, it can be
controlled. People with glaucoma need to have
regular eye examinations and usually need to
continue treatment for the rest of their lives.
Untreated acute glaucoma results in permanent
vision loss. Untreated chronic glaucoma can
progress to blindness within several
years. Early diagnosis and treatment usually
results in excellent success and vision is saved.
The outcome for congenital glaucoma varies
depending on the age that symptoms are detected
and the childs response to therapy.
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