AN ULTIMATE GUIDE ON LIVER TRANSPLANT

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AN ULTIMATE GUIDE ON LIVER TRANSPLANT
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INTRODUCTION

• The liver is the largest internal organ in the
  human body and is placed on the right side of the
  abdomen, right below the diaphragm.
• A healthy functioning liver is very critical for
  a healthy life because a liver performs various
  vital functions.
• When this essential organ of the body becomes
  diseased or severely compromised, a transplant
  may be required. A liver transplant is a surgical
  procedure aims to replace the diseased liver with
  a healthy liver from another person known as a
  donor. A diseased liver is a liver that does not
  function properly. In a liver transplant, a part
  of the liver or the whole liver can be replaced,
  depending on the condition of the liver of the
  patient requiring the transplant.

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Reasons of a liver transplant

• Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
• Excessive consumption of alcohol
• Excessive consumption of tobacco products
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver problem that creates
  masses of fat in the liver leading to damage
• Wilsons disease that leads to accumulation of
  copper in the liver
• Genetic problem such as hemochromatosis that
  leads to build-up of iron in the liver
• Bile duct conditions such as primary biliary
  cirrhosis, primary sclerosing and biliary atresia

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Risks involved in a liver transplant

• Bleeding
• Blood clots
• Rejection of the donor liver
• Failure of the donor heart
• Infection
• Leakage from bile ducts
• Shrinking of bile ducts
• Seizures
• Confusion

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Procedure of a liver transplant

• Before the procedure the doctor will conduct some
  tests to assess the overall health of the
  patient. No matter whether the patient is waiting
  for a liver or has the surgery already scheduled,
  it is critical for the patient to stay healthy
  and be ready for the transplant surgery. All
  medications need to be taken regularly, a healthy
  diet needs to be followed, all medical check-ups
  and appointment should be taken, and the patient
  should stay reasonable active.
• Once the liver is available or the surgery, the
  patient will be admitted to the hospital and an
  examination to assess the overall health of the
  patient will be done. When cleared, the patient
  is given general anaesthesia and sedated before
  beginning the surgery. Then the surgeon makes a
  long incision across the abdomen to access the
  liver and remove the deceased liver while
  replacing it with a donor liver in the body. Once
  the donor liver is placed properly, the surgeon
  then connects the blood vessels and bile ducts to
  the new liver. Post this, staples and stitches
  are used to close the incision and then the
  patient is transferred to the intensive care unit
  for follow-up and recovery. A liver transplant
  surgery can take up to 12 hours or more depending
  on the condition of the patient. In case of a
  living donor operation, the surgeon first removes
  the liver from the donor and then performs the
  surgery on the patient similar to that of a
  deceased donor liver transplant surgery.

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