الكاكى PERSIMMON

1
????? ??????? ?????????????PERSIMMON

• ?.?/ ???? ??????? ?????
• ???? ??? ???????

???? ??????? ????? ?????
2
?????? Persimmon
????? ????????? Persimmon
????? ?????? Diospyros kaki
Thunb. ????? Diospyros
??????? ?????????
Ebenaceae
3
?????? Persimmon
????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????
?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????
?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????
?? 100-300 ???? ??? ???? 7.2º? . ?????? ???? ???
????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???
?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????
????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
???? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????
??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????.
4
?????? Persimmon
???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????
????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????
????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????
??? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ??????????
??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????
????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????
?? ?????? ??????.
5
??????? ?????????? ??????

• ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????
  ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????
  ????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????
  ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
  ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???
  ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ???? ??????
  ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???
  ????? ??????? ( ???? ?????? ???? ) ??? ??? ????
  ????? ?????? ??????.
• ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
  ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????.
• ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????
• ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???
  ?????? ?????? ???????

6
Food Value Per 100 g of Edible Portion
Calories 77
Moisture 78.6 g
Protein 0.7 g
Fat 0.4 g
Carbohydrates 19.6 g
Calcium 6 mg
Phosphorus 26 mg
Iron 0.3 mg
Sodium 6 mg
Potassium 174 mg
Magnesium 8 mg
Carotene 2,710 I.U.
Thiamine 0.03 mg
Riboflavin 0.02 mg
Niacin 0.1 mg
Ascorbic Acid 11 mg
7
?????? Persimmon
?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??
????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
? ????? ? ??????? ??? ???????

• ???? ?????? ????? Diospyros ???? ???? ???????
  ????????? Ebenaceae ????? ???? ????? ?????
  Diospyros ???? ?????????? ???? ??????. ????? ???
  Diospyros ??? ????? 400 ??? ????? ?????? ??
  ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????
  ?????? , ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????
  ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????.

8
Some Diospyros species of temperate and tropical
origin. a, Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu b, D.
rhombifolia c, D. lotus d, D. oleifera e,
D. virginiana f, D. decandra.
9
Some useful Diospyros species with their
distribution and chromosome number
10
????? ?????? ??????

• ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
  2071523 ??, ???? ????? ???? 66.4 , ??????? 14.5
  , ????? 12.6
• ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????
  ???? ?????? 6.3 ?? ??????? ?????
• (????? 1999)

11
????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? Kaki Tipo
?? ??????? Triumph ?? ??????? Lama
Forte ?? ????????. ?????? ???? ????????
?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????
???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???.
12
????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 2013
? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? (??) ?/ ? (??)
1 ?????????? 18 16 69 4.313
2 ??????? 101 92 879 9.554
3 ??????? 27 26 222 8.538
4 ???????? 911 855 6697 7.833
5 ????? 2 2 17 8.500
6 ??????? 17 12 70 5.833
7 ???????? 22 20 180 9.000
8 ????????? 31 30 214 7.133
9 ?????? 20 20 108 5.400
10 ??? ???? 1 1 5 5.000
11 ?????? 1 1 5 5,000
12 ????? 38 38 63 1.658
13 ????????? 840 638 5678 8.900
?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? 2029 1751 14207 8.114
13
??? ???? ??????
???? ?????? ???? ?????, ??? ???????? ??? 15-60
??? ( 4.5 18 ???) ??????? ???????, ???? ???????
??? ????? ,??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???
2??,??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????, ??????
????? ?? 7.5 25 ?? ?????? ?? 5-10 ?? , ?????,
????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ??????
?????? ??? ????, ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????
?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????.
14
???????
?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????
?????? ?? ????? (3-5 ????? ????? ???? ?????) ????
????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???????-
1- ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? 2- ?????
????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? 3- ????? ????? ?????
??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????.
15
??????? ???????
???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? 3 ?????
???? ?? ??? ??????? , ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??
????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????
24 ???? ?? ????
16
??????? ???????
???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????
????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????
???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????
??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????.
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????????
21
(No Transcript)
22
??????
?????? ???? ?????? (????) ????? ??? ??? ??? ????
??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 50 ?? ??? ?????? ???
????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????
?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????
??? ??? ??????
23
????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????
?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???
??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????
?????? ?? ??? ?????
24
?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????
?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????,
????? ?????? , ?????, ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????
?? ????????? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ??
??????? ?? ??? ????, ????? ?? ?????, ?? ????
?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? 1- 8 ????
????? ??? ??? ????? ??? 2?? ?? ???? ?????? ??
??????? ?????.
25
(No Transcript)
26
???? ??????
?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? 2?? ?? ???? ??????
?? ??????? ?????
27
??????? ???????? ??????

• ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???
  ???? ???? .
• ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????
  ????? ????? ??? ??????.
• ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????.
• ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????
  ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? -
• ?????(A) Astringent ???? ?????
  Non-Astringent (NA).
• ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???
  ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????
  ???? ?????_
• - Variant- type as Pollination Variant
  ?????? ????????
• - Constant- type as Pollination constant
  ????? ????????

28
???????
???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???Types -
1- ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? 1)
pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA) 2-
?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? 2) Pollination-
variant non- astringent (PVNA) 3- ?????? ??????
???????? ?????? 3) Pollination- variant
astringent (PVA) 4- ????? ????? ???????? ??????
4) pollination-constant astringent (PCA)
29
Four types of persimmon according to
horticultural classification a. PCNA type (cv.
Suruga) b. PCA type (cv. Yokomo) c. PVNA type
(cv. Chokenji) and d. PVA type (cv. Onihei).
Note the difference in flesh color between
constant (PCNA and PCA) types and variant (PVNA
and PVA) types.
30
???????
??? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? PVA , PCA ???? ??????
????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????
?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????
?????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????
???? ?????PCNA ?? ?????? PVNA ???? ?????? ?????
?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????
?????? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????
??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????????
PVNA-type ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???
????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????
??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?
????? ???? ???????? ??????? PCNA-type ???? ?????
?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????
????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????.
31
????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????
??? ??? ?? Sugiura et al (1979) ? Sugiura and
Tomana (1983) ?? ????? ????????? ????????????
?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?
???????? PCNA . ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????
PVNA ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ????
????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ????
???????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ??
??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???
?????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????
????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???
?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??
????? ?? ??????.
32
?????? ?? ???? PVA ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????
???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????
????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????
???? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? PCA
?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????
????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????
? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????
??????? ???? ???? ?? PVNA ?????? ?? PCA ?????? ??
???? PVA ? ????? ???? PCA ? PVA ????? ???
???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????
????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
PCNA ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????
??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???
????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????
????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??
????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????.
33
Horticultural classification of persimmon
cultivars by astringency and flesh color of
fruit. (Sugiura 1984)
A (Astringent) NA (Non-astringent) Seed Effect
PCA Astringent at maturity unless treated. Flesh color unaffected by seed at maturity. Tannins are coagulated by ethanol treatment even at immature stages. (VDG) PCNA Non-astringent at maturity whether seeded or not. Flesh color unaffected by seed at maturity. Tannins are not coagulated by ethanol treatment at immature stages when fruit is still astringent. (VIG) PC (Pollination constant)
PVA Astringent at maturity unless treated. Brown flesh color only around seed at maturity. Tannins are coagulated by ethanol treatment even at immature stages. (VDG) PVNA Non-astringent at maturity only if seeded. Flesh turns brown at maturity if seeded. Tannins are coagulated by ethanol treatment even at immature stages. (VDG) PV (Pollination variant)
34
Effect of seed number on the loss of astringency
in PVNA and PVA-type cultivars. a, PVNA- type
(cv. Chokenji) and b, PVA-type (cv.
Aizu-mishirazu). Note that coagulation of tannins
(dark portion) increases with increasing number
of seeds in both types, but coagulation is
restricted to around the seeds in PVA type.
35
Variation in seed content of Nishimura Wase
fruit (PVNA) cultivar, showing the effects of
seed number on degree of flesh browning. When
only one to three seeds develop (top right) the
clear parts of the flesh remain astringent.
Whereas well-seeded fruit (Lower left) are
non-astringent.
36
??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???

• ??? ?????? Fuyu (PCNA)
• ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? . ????? ????? ????? ???
  ????? 220 ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ? ???
  ???? ????? . ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????
  ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????
  ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????
  . ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? . ? ?? ?????
  ?????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ? ????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ??? ????? ????? . ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???
  ?????? ??? ????? ?????? . ? ????? ??? ???? . ?
  ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ??
  ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????
  . ? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ??
  ???? ?????? ?? ????? .

37
Fuyu (Jiro) Persimmon (PCNA)
38
????????? Hana-Fuyu (PCNA)

• ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ?????
  ? ????? ? ????? ????? ??? ????? 225 ?? ? ???????
  ?? ????? ? ?????? ?????? . ? ??? ????? ???????
  ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????
  ? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? .
  ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? 15 ?????
  . ? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ?????
  . ? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?????? (
  ?????? ) . ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? .

39
??????? (PVNA) Chocolate

• ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ???
  ????? ????????

40
????? Hachiya (PCA)

• ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? 230 ?? ,???????
  ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? , ???? ??? ??????
  ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? pc ???
  ??????? ?
• ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??????
  ?????? ???? ??????? . ? ????? ????? ??? ???? .

Hachiya Persimmon (PCA)
41
????? Triumph (pca)

• ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ???
  ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????
  ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
  ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ? ???
  ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??
  ???? ??? ???????? ? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ? ? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? .

42
Triumph (PCA)
43
??????? Costata (pca)

• ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????
  ??? ????????? ????? ?? 100- 130 ??
• ? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ? ??? ????? ??????? .
• ? ???? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ? ??????
  ?????? ????? ?????? .

44
Costata (PCA)
45
(No Transcript)
46
???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????
47
Tsurugaki (PCA) ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????
?????
48
Tsurugaki (PCA)
49

• ???? ????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???
  ?????? ? ??????? ? ????? ? ?? ??????? ????????
  ???????? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?
  ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????
  ???????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ????????? .

50
Hiratanenashi Persimmon (PCA)
51
Izu Persimmon and nice fall color (PCNA)
52
Giant Fuyu (Gosho) Persimmons (PCNA)
53
Tamopan Persimmon
54
Tanenashi Persimmon (PCA)
55
Tanenashi Persimmon - a smaller astringent (PCA)
56
?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????
57
????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
58
??? ???? ????? ??? ???????
59
????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
60
????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
61
????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
62
????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
63
????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
64
??? ???? ????? ??? ???????
65
??? ???? ????? ??? ???????
66
????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????
67
???????

• ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
  ?????
• ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????

68

• ?????? Rootstocks
• D.kaki 1- ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????
• ? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??? ???
  ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????
  (crown gall)
• . D.lotus 2- ??????? ??????? ?????
• ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ? ??? ???????
  ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ??? ???
  ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? .
  ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ??? ????
  ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????? ????? 2 ?? .
• D.virginiana3- ??????? ??????? ????? ????????
  
• ? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????
  ?????? . ? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???
  ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? .

69
?????? ????????? ?? ???????
????? ??????? ?????
?????? ???????? D. kaki ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????
?????? D. Lotus ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? , ???? ?????? ??????
???????? D. virginiana ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????
70
??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????
????? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??
?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.
??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??
????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???
???? 4 ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????
?? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??
20-25 ???? ?????.
71
??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ((Chip budding
72
??????? ?????
??????? ??????
73
(No Transcript)
74
D. Virginiana????? ????????
75
(No Transcript)
76
?????? ??????? ????????

• ???? ??????? ????????
• ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????
  ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???
  ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????
  ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????
  ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????
  ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????????
  ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????
  ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????
  ?? -12º ? ???? ??? ??? ???????. ?????? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????
  ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????.
• ??????? ???????? ??????
• ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????
  ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????
  ??????? ??????? ???????.

77
????? ??????? ???????? ????????

• ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????
  ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ???
  ?? ???? ?????? 3.5 x 3,5? ?? ???? ????? ????
  ????? ??? ??? ???????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ????
  ??? ??? ?? 4-6 ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????
  ????? ??? ??????? ? ?????????? .
• ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????
  ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????
  ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????.
• ????? ?? ??? ?????? 50??3 ????? ???? ??? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ?????.

78
???????? ?????????

• ???????
• ??????
• ???????
• ????
• ?????? ??????
• ??? ??????
• ??????? ???????

79
???????

• ???? ????? ??????? ???????-
• ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???
  ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??
  ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
  ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???
  ?????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????
  ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????
  ???????? ?? ?????.
• ????? ????? ???????-
• ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????
  ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ???????
  ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? 20-30??? ???? ?? ??
  ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
  ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????.

80
??????? ?? ??????
81
????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????
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??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????
?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???
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??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????
??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????
??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????
??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????
?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
82
(No Transcript)
83
(No Transcript)
84
??????? ??????
85
??????? ??????
86
???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????
??????
87
???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????
??????
88
???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????
??????
89
???????

• ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
  ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????
  ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????.
  ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????
  ?????? ???? ????? ???? (???? ?? 30??)??? ???? ???
  ???? ?????? ??? ?????.
• ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????
  ???? ???? ?????? (????? ??????).
• ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? (???? ? ??? ?
  ??????) ?? ???? ?????? ????? 0.5 ??/ ??? ?? ??
  ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????
  ??????? ?????? ???????.

90

• ????
• - ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?
  ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????.
• - ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
  ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?
  ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????
  ??? ????? ???????.
• ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???
  ?????? ?? 2-3 ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
  ?????? ?????? ??? ??????.
• ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.

91
??????? ???????
92
(No Transcript)
93
(No Transcript)
94
(No Transcript)
95
(No Transcript)
96
(No Transcript)
97
(No Transcript)
98
(No Transcript)
99
(No Transcript)
100
(No Transcript)
101
(No Transcript)
102
??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????

• ????? ??????
• ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ???
  ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? 2-3
  ??????. ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??
  ??????? ????? ???? ?????.
• ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????
  ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ???
  ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????
  ???? ???????.

103
???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????
????????? ????? ???????
104

• ????? ?????? ??? ???????
• ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????
  ?????
• ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????
  ??????
• ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????
• ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????
  ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????.
• ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????
  ?????? ????? ?????? ???????.

105
????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????
106
????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????
107
????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????
108
??? ?????? ???????? -

• ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ????? ??? ???????.
• ?????? ????? ?? ??????
• ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????
  (??????? ????).
• ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? 153 -160 ???
• ??? ??????
• ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????.

109
(No Transcript)
110
??? ??????

• ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????
  ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????
  ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ?????
  ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???
  ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.
• ????? ??? ??????-
• ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??
  ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????
  ?????? ???? ? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??
  ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?
  ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????.

111
(No Transcript)
112
????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? (??????? ???????)

• ???? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????
  ????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????
  ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????
  ????? ????? Edible ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????
  ??????? ?????-
• 1- ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????
  ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? 5-15 ????.
• 2- ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? (101????) ???
  ??? ??? ?????? ???? 2-7 ???.
• 3 - ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? 2-3
  ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???
  ???.

113

• 4- ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????
  ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? 367??? ???? ????
  (0.3) ????? ?? 12 ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????
  ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
• 5- ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????
  ?????? 1000 ???/??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????
  3-4 ???
• 6- ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????
  ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? 3 ???? ?? ?????
• 7- ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
  ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? 2-3 ???.
• 8- ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? 24
  ????.
• 9- ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??
  ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???
  ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????.

114
Removal of astringency with alcohol Fruit are
packed into cardboard cartons before being
treated (Kitagawa 1970).
115
Removal of astringency with alcohol whilst fruit
is on the tree individual Hiratanenashi fruit
are enclosed in polyethylene bags containing a
little alcohol. The bags are left in place for
about 3 days.
116
 Cross sections of the ?Giombo' persimmon
pericarp at the end of the growing season (2011)
(A-B) and fresh sections at the beginning of the
season (2012) (C, D). A. freshly picked fruits
without astringency removal (T0). B. Fruits
subjected to 24 hours exposure to ethanol. Pectic
substances inside the parenchymal cells (dashed
arrows) and accumulation of content in the
intercellular spaces (lined arrows). C. Soluble
tannins dispersed in the parenchyma of freshly
picked fruits (T0). D. Insolubilized tannins
restricted to the cell vacuole in fruits
subjected to 36 hours exposure to ethanol. TC
Tannin Cell, Pa Parenchyma 
117
??? ??????? ???????

• ?????? ?????????
• ??? ?????????
• ???????
• ????????
• ???? ??????
• ???? ???????
• ????? ??????

118
Bacterial blast?????? ?????????
119
??? ?????????
120
(No Transcript)
121
???????
122
???? ?????? ??????? ?????
123
???? ???????
124
(No Transcript)
125
????? ??????
126
??? ??????
127
????? ???????
128
????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
129
(No Transcript)
130
(No Transcript)
131
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132
Bon appétit
133
Thank YOU
QUESTIONS?