What is Cognitive Development ?

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WHAT IS COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT ?
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• "The goal of education is not to increase the
  amount of knowledge but to create the
  possibilities for a child to invent and discover,
  to create men who are capable of doing new
  things." - Jean Piaget

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WHAT
IS
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT?
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Cognitive development is the changing process of
learning thought, and perception as a child
develops from the stage of infancy to the scene
of adulthood. As cognition develops in children,
they build on prior experiences, using these to
help them make sense of the world around them.
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JEAN PIAGET (1896 1980)
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Established the clinical method of research
Interested in the process of thinking
Swiss psychologist, developmental theorist, and
philosopher
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Jean Piaget had defined "schema" as 'a
repeatable, cohesive, sequence of actions
possessing component actions which are governed
by a core meaning and tightly interconnected.
Piaget had come up with the idea that we build
our schema, or background knowledge, based on our
experiences.
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PIAGETS THEORY
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Adaptation - Cognitive development occurs through
this process
Adjusting to the demands of the environment and
intellectualizing those adjustments
Two facets of adaptation are-
Assimilation
Accommodation
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ASSIMILATION
It can be described as using some already
existing schema so that you can deal with a new
situation or object.
It happens when the already existing schema
(knowledge) does not work and needs to be changed
to deal with a new situation.
ACCOMMODATION
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FOUR STAGES OF PIAGETS THEORY
STAGE AGE/PERIOD OF OCCURRENCE
Sensorimotor Birth to 2 years
Preoperational 2 to 7 years
Concrete operational 7 to 11 years
Formal operational Early to mid-adolescence 11 to 12 years
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Visit stages of personality development
STAGE 1 THE SENSORIMOTOR
In the initial stages, the infants only are aware
of what is immediately in front of them. They
focus more on what they are seeing, what they are
doing, and physical interactions with their
immediate environment. Because they still don't
know how things react, they continually keep
experimenting with activities like throwing or
shaking things, putting things in their mouths
and learning about the world through trial and
error.
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STAGE 2 PREOPERATIONAL
At this stage, children learn through the process
of pretend play but still struggle with logic and
taking the point of view of other people. They
also often struggle with understanding the ideal
of constancy.
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STAGE3 THE CONCRETE OPERATIONAL
Children at this point of development start
thinking slightly more logically however, their
thinking can also be very inflexible. They
incline to struggle with abstract and
hypothetical concepts. At this point, kids tend
to become less egocentric and start thinking
about how others might feel and think. Children
in this stage also start understanding that their
thoughts and feelings are unique to them and that
not everybody else necessarily shares their
thoughts, feelings, and opinions.
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STAGE 4 THE FORMAL OPERATIONAL
The last and the final stage of Piaget's theory
talks about the ability to use deductive
reasoning, an understanding of abstract ideas,
and an increase in logic. Now, at this point,
people become capable of seeing multiple
potential solutions to problems and think more
scientifically about the world around them.
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• Intelligence is what you use when you don't know
  what to do. What we see changes what we know.
  What we know changes what we see. Each time one
  prematurely teaches a child something he could
  have discovered himself, that child is kept from
  inventing it and consequently from understanding
  it completely. - Jean Piaget

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SOME FACTS THAT
YOU NEVER
HEARD ABOUT
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
IN CHILDREN
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They learn even as babies
Learning in young children is socially mediated
The young child's brain has the same structures
as the adult brain
Children think and reason mainly in the same ways
as adults
Children construct causal frameworks so that they
can make sense of their experiences.
Children at their young age, learn new words at
an exponential rate
Incremental experience is essential to learn and
for knowledge construction
Pretend play, and the imagination is essential
for cognitive development
If the bodies of the babies grew at a similarly
rapid rate like their brains, they would have
weighed 170 pounds within one month of age.
Holding and stroking an infant stimulates the
brain to release important hormones that allow
him to grow.
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To learn more about the same you can take up
personality development classes in Gurgaon which
have been developed after years of intense and
rigorous research with students, teachers
parents hailing from significant schools of
Delhi-NCR Region. They have numerous studios
centres in Delhi/NCR, good star rating by over
10,000 teachers/seminar participants and 50,000
personality transformations.
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The early years of a child in life are extremely
critical to their overall development, because of
which parents are worried about ensuring that
their child develops the cognitive abilities they
require early on.
The reason why there is a need for cognitive
development in children is that if you have a
child who is below the age of 3, you may not be
able to realize that your child's brain makes 700
to 1,00 neural connections every second.
CONCLUSION
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