Dr. Jonathan Spages : What is the The sodium-controlled diet

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What is the The sodium-controlled diet

• Dr. Jonathan Spages

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Special Diets

• Doctors may order special diets
• For a nutritional deficiency or a disease
• For weight control (gain or loss)
• To eliminate or decrease certain substances in
  the diet
• The health team considers the need for dietary
  changes, personal choices, religion, culture, and
  eating problems.
• Regular diet, general diet, and house diet mean
  no dietary limits or restrictions.

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Special Diets (contd)

• The sodium-controlled diet
• Sodium causes the body to retain water.
• The heart has to work harder. The extra workload
  can cause serious problems or death.
• Sodium control decreases the amount of sodium in
  the body.
• The doctor orders the amount of sodium allowed.
• Sodium-controlled diets
• Omitting high-sodium foods/salt used in cooking
• Not adding salt to food at the table
• Used for Hypertension, ht disease, kidney disease

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Special Diets (contd)

• Diabetes meal plan
• A meal plan for health eating is developed.
• Consistency is key-same amount of fat, protein,
  carbs
• The meal plan involves
• The persons food preferences
• Calories needed
• Eating meals and snacks at regular times
• You need to
• Serve meals and snacks on time.
• Always check what was eaten.
• Report what the person did and did not eat.
• Report changes in the persons eating habits.

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Special Diets (contd)

• The dysphagia diet
• Dysphagia means difficulty swallowing.
• Food/fluid thickness is changed to meet the
  persons needs.
• Thickened liquid-pureed with liquid until
  consistency of baby food
• Medium thick (Nectar) consistency-thickness of
  nectar or V8 juice
• Extra thick (honey) consistency-mounds a bit on
  spoon
• Yogurt like-thick and holds its shape
• Puree-no lumps, mounds on plate

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Special Diets

• Pureed diet
• Used for persons with swallowing difficulties
• Consistency like mashed potatoes

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Dysphagia Diet

• Doctor, speech-language pathologist, occupational
  therapist, dietitian, and nurse choose food
  thickness.
• When feeding the person with dysphagia, you must
• Follow aspiration precautions and the care plan.
• Report changes in how the person eats.
• Observe for signs and symptoms of aspiration
  choking, coughing, or difficulty breathing during
  or after meals, and abnormal breathing or
  respiratory sounds.

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Special Diets

• Clear Liquid diet
• Include foods that are liquid at room temperature
  and leave small amounts of residues. They are
  non-gas forming and non-irritating.
• Examples include water, tea, coffee, sprite,
  gelatin, clear fruit juice, clear broth,
  popsicles
• Used for person right after surgery or with
  nausea and vomiting

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Clear liquid diet
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Special Diets

• Full-liquid diet
• Includes foods that are liquid at room
  temperature or melt at body temperature
• Used for persons advancing from a clear liquid
  diet post-operatively, for those unable to chew
  or swallow
• Foods include custard, eggnog, strained soups,
  strained vegetables, milk, strained cereal, ice
  cream, pudding, yogurt

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Full liquid diet
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Special Diets

• Mechanical soft
• Includes semi-solid foods that are easily
  digested
• Used to advance from full liquid diet after
  surgery and for chewing problems or GI issues
• Foods allowed all liquids meat, chicken or fish
  that is shredded soft cheeses, soft bread
  without crust, pureed cooked vegetables, soft
  fruit, pudding

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Mechanical soft diet
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Special Diets

• Bland diet
• Mechanically and chemically non-irritating foods
• Low in roughage, moderate temperature, no spices
• Used for persons with GI disorders or after
  abdominal surgery
• Includes pasta, white bread, cottage cheese,
  creamed soups, plain cereals

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Special Diets

• Other diets include high fiber, high calorie,
  calorie controlled, high iron, high protein, fat
  controlled.
• Bonus what type of patient do you think you
  might see a high protein diet used for?

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Fluid Balance (contd)

• Common special fluid orders are
• Encourage fluids the person drinks an increased
  amount of fluids.
• Restrict fluids fluids are limited to a certain
  amount.
• Nothing by mouth (NPO) the person cannot eat or
  drink anything.
• Thickened liquids all fluids are thickened,
  including water.

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Thanks