How to teach Present perfect tense

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How to teach present perfect tense
_at_F_moradian
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• By Fateme Moradian FardEnglish Teacher In
  Islamic Republic of Iranemail
  f3_Moradian_at_yahoo.com

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Present Perfect Tense

• Or the most confusing tense you have ever tried
  to make your students understand!

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Steps to Teach Present Perfect Tense
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• 1- Contrast simple past and present perfect
• A- Give some examples in simple past
• Yesterday, I had a busy day. I received lots of
  emails.Yesterday, I composed a lot of emails,
  too.
• B- Then Lead to present perfect
• But I have received only a few today. And I have
  composed only two emails today.

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• 2- Contrast finished and unfinished time
• Ask students Is yesterday finished? (They
  should say yes, its finished.)
• So I had a busy day. I received lots of emails
• Ask them Is today finished? (They should say no,
  it isnt.)
• So I have received only a few today. And I have
  composed only two emails today.

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The plane has landed safely.
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They have graduated. Congratulations!
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Present Perfect Simple Tense
I have lived in Tehran for 12 years
12 years ago
Past
Present
Future
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• 3- Make sure they notice the differences, then,
  give examples (first, only with regular verbs)
  with both tenses
• Last month, I visited my grandmother twice.
• This month, I have visited her only once.
• But this month is not finished, so I may visit
  her again before the month is over.
• 4- Divide the board into two columns and write
  some regular verbs in both tenses.

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Present Perfect Simple past Verbs
I have played tennis since yesterday. I played tennis yesterday. Playing tennis
We have watched some cartoons since last night. We watched a cartoon last night. Watching a carton
They have washed the dishes. They washed the dishes two hours ago. Washing the dishes
She has searched the internet. She searched the net yesterday. Searching the net
Ahmad has walked in the garden this morning. Ahmad walked in the garden this morning. Walking in the garden
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• 4- Introduce the Present Perfect Irregular
  verbs
• Proceed with the irregulars. Divide the board
  into three columns and write some irregular verbs
  in the first column, their simple past form in
  the second column, and finally the irregular past
  participle in the third.
• Give them examples as you go over each verb

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Nole has won the Australian Open for the second
time.
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Present Perfect (irregulars) Present Perfect (regulars) Simple past
I have had two cups of coffee today. I have played tennis since yesterday. I played tennis yesterday.
My father have spoken to Reza this week. We have watched some cartoons since last night. We watched a cartoon last night.
We have read all these books. They have washed the dishes. They washed the dishes two hours ago.
They have met the doctor this morning. She has searched the internet. She searched the net yesterday.
Neda has been in the garden this morning. Ahmad has walked in the garden this morning. Ahmad walked in the garden this morning.
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POSITIVE FORM
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• 5- introduce the Present Perfect Negative forms
• Say, I saw my grandmother last week.
• But I havent seen her this week.
• Give more examples alternating between an
  affirmative in simple past and a negative
  statement in present perfect
• I went to Rome last year, but I havent been
  there this year.

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• 6- Now, give each of your students just the
  affirmative statement in simple past and ask them
  to supply an example in present perfect
  negative
• T I was at the bank earlier today.S I haven't
  been at the bank this week.

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NEGATIVE FORM
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• 7- Introduce the Present Perfect Interrogative
  forms
• Model questions with have or has
• T Have you seen the sunrise today?S
  Yes./No.T Now you ask me!S Have you seen the
  sunrise today?

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QUESTION FORM
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• 8- Continue with more questions from students.
  Model questions with where and what, Write
  examples on the board. Make sure they ask
  questions in all persons, both singular and
  plural. If they are unsure as to how to ask a
  question, model it for them first.
• What have you done today?
• How many letters have you typed this morning?
• Where have you been so far?

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• 10- Introduce the Present Perfect Short answers
• Ask yes or no questions and teach students to
  give short answers
• T Have you seen my pen?S Yes, I have. No, I
  havent.
• Students ask classmates yes or no questions, and
  classmates reply with short answers.

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• The usages, applications and functions of present
  perfect tense

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• 11- Finally introduce the usages and functions of
  present perfect tense, time markers, key words
  and give various examples with each.

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When do we use the Present Perfect Tense?
Ali has gone to school.
1- used to describe an action that has been
completed.
Q- Isnt the Past Tense also used to describe
completed action?
Ali went to school.
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He went for tuition yesterday.
?
He has gone to Tehran yesterday.

• In using the Present Perfect tense
• we cannot include the time of action.

He has eaten the bread.
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THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

• You should not use this tense with time
  expressions like yesterday, a week ago, last
  year, etc.
• I have seen it yesterday.
• We have gone to Paris last year.

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• The present perfect expresses activities or
  situation that occurred (or did not occur)
  before now, at some unspecified time in the
  past.
• Examples
• a. Jim has already eaten lunch.
• b. Anna hasnt eaten lunch yet.
• c. Have you ever eaten at that restaurant?

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THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

• We use the Present Perfect for actions which
  happened in the past, but have an effect in the
  present .
• In this case, the action happened at some time
  in the past, but the effect of the action is
  still important now.

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USE

• We use the present perfect to describe an event
  or personal experience in the past without a
  specific time.
• -to talk about things that have happened
• up to now
• JUST
• EVER
• NEVER
• ALREADY
• YET /?/
• NOT YET

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What do you need the Present Perfect for ?

• to tell what you have done recently/ lately.
• to tell what you have just or already done.
• to tell what you have never/ ever done.
• to tell what you have done so far/ up to now.
• to tell what you have done today/ this week/ this
  month/ this year.

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Use

• We use the present perfect with today and phrases
  with this, e.g. this morning, this week, this
  year.

We've done quite a good job today.
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Use

• With just to express the action finished a short
  time ago

Weve just come back from our holiday.
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Use

• With already meaning sooner than expected

Ive already finished my dinner.
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Use

• With yet in negative sentences and questions when
  we expect something to happen

Sorry, Nick. I havent finished the homework yet.
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Use

• We can use the present perfect with for and
  since.
• We use for to say how long this period is (for
  three days).
• We use since to say when the period began (since
  Friday).

Me, too. I havent grabbed a bite since Friday.
Hey, buddy. I havent eaten anything for three
days.
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• 3. When the present perfect is used with since
  or for, it expresses situation that began in the
  past and continue to the present.
• Example
• a. Erica has lived in this city since 1989.
• b. I have known Ben for ten years.
• c. We have been in class since ten oclock this
  morning.

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• SINCE/when/ FOR /a length of time/
• -1995, -five years,
• -last month, - two months,
• -Monday, - a week,
• -ten oclock - an hour,
• 
  -three days

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THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

• To describe experiences
• I have been to Singapore.
• I have been to England three times.
• I have never been to Brazil.
• She has never traveled by train alone.

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• The present perfect expresses activities that
  were repeated several or many times in the past.
  The exact times are unspecified.
• Example
• a. Peter has eaten at that restaurant many
  times.
• b. Ive been to that theatre for five times.

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• Provide extended practice
• Miscellaneous exercises

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• 1- Find someone who
• Walk around the classroom and ask questions using
  the present perfect tense
• Example
• play / football
• Have you ever played football?
• When a classmate answers Yes, I have. write
  their name in the corresponding box.
• Then ask a follow up question to find out more.
  e.g. When, where, why etc. Find a different
  student for each box.

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go / another country eat / sushi win / competition take / long journey
go / cinema visit / an island in Iran like Kish read / newspaper swim / ocean
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• 2- Word Ball
• Make groups
• Stand in circles
• Make a ball from a piece of paper
• One student in each group says a verb in bare
  infinitive form and throws the ball to another
  student
• The second student changes it into verb in past
  perfect form.
• The second student says a verb 1 and throws the
• ball to the third student

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3- Listen to the song and complete the missing
lyrics! Title I Still Havent Found What Im
Looking For
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• Pay attention to this song lyrics!
• I have climbed highest mountain
• S have/has Past Participle O
• I have run through the fields
• S have/has Past Participle O

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4- Crime Scene Activity Pretend that you are a
detective investigating a crime that just took
place. You are to come up with a crime scene
report using 8 Present Perfect Tenses in your
report.
e.g. 1. When we arrived at the scene of the
crime, it seemed that the suspect has
just left the building.
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Goldfish from the fish bowl.
Piggy Bank
Half eaten chocolate candy
Footprints
Worksheet
Can of blue paint
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5- video based activity
Watch the video, then do the worksheet!
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• 6. Fill it in!
• Children write about their experiences using
  have or havent. Then they use their own idea to
  write more sentences and draw a picture.
• 7. Play a game!
• Children play a game with a partner. They write
  4 true sentences and one false sentence. They
  read their sentences and their partner tries to
  guess which sentence is false.

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TICKET TO LEAVE THE CLASS
GIVE ME A SENTENCE USING THE PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE TENSE
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Fill in the gaps

1. I have ... (study) at Shrewsbury for ..
   years.
2. I have ... (read) ... books this year.
3. I have ... (be) to ... four times this year.

Extension Draw a timeline of your sentences to
show how the present perfect works
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Talk Partners - Answer the questions at the bottom
I have lived in Thailand for 12 years.

1. Do I still live in Thailand now?
2. When did I start living in Thailand?
3. Have I finished living in Thailand.

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Talk Partners - Answer the questions at the bottom
I have worked at Tehran International School for
5 years.

1. Have I finished working at Tehran?
2. Do I still work at Tehran now?
3. Will I work at Tehran in the future?

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How can you form the Present Perfect?
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has caught
caught
catches
is catching
Whats wrong with Ron? He ____________ a cold.
has caught
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havent made
dont make
didnt make
are not making
Children __________________ a snowman.
haven made
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has won
did win
does win
is winning
Lucy _____ already ______ this competition
three times.
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read
has read
reads
am reading
Regina __________ seven books by this author.
has read
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Choose the correct answer.

• Peter has never watched spiderman cartoon.
• Congratulations!

• Peter ........never watched spiderman cartoon.
• A) had
• B) have
• C) has
• D) none of these

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• Complete the sentences using the words in
  parentheses!
• (I, meet) -------------------your English
  teacher.
• (You, learn) -------------- English since 2000.
• (She, fly) --------------- to Tokyo many times.
• (She, stand) -------------- there for two hours.
• (He, see) ------------------snow.

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The End

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