Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | Sources of English Law - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | Sources of English Law

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Title: Ehsan Kabir Solicitor | Sources of English Law


1
Sources of English Law
  • Ehsan Kabir Solicitor

2
By the end of this lesson you will be able to
explain
  • Categories of English law
  • Sources of Law
  • The Court System
  • The Legal Profession

3
Categories of English law
  • Criminal Law - Crime
  • Civil Law - Tort.

4
Sources of English Law
  • Case (or Common) Law - made by judges.
  • It has evolved over centuries from the judgment
    of cases appearing before the courts.
  • These judgments set precedents against which
    future cases are judged
  • Legislation - statutes/Acts of Parliament
  • Primary Legislation
  • Subordinate Legislation Statutory Instruments
  • European Community Law (which is binding in all
    UK Legal systems).

5
Sources of English Law
  • Legislation - which includes statutes/Acts of
    Parliament
  • Primary Legislation
  • Subordinate Legislation Statutory Instruments

6
HOUSE OF COMMONS
HOUSE OF LORDS
BILL
ROYAL ASSENT
FIRST READING Introduces Bill
SECOND READING Debate on principles
ACT OF PARLIAMENT
COMMITTEE STAGE Examines in detail
REPORT STAGE Tells House amends
THIRD READING Formal vote taken
7
Sources of English Law
  • Legislation - which includes statutes/Acts of
    Parliament
  • Primary Legislation
  • Subordinate Legislation Statutory Instruments
  • Case (or Common) Law - made by judges. It has
    evolved over centuries from the judgment of cases
    appearing before the courts. These judgments set
    precedents against which future cases are judged
  • European Community Law (which is binding in all
    UK Legal systems).

8
The Court System
  • The County Court
  • The Magistrates Court
  • The Crown Court
  • The High Court
  • The Court of Appeal
  • The Supreme Court
  • The European Court of Justice
  • The European Court of Human Rights.

9
The County Court
  • landlord and tenant disputes, eg, possession
    (eviction), rent arrears, repairs
  • consumer disputes, eg, faulty goods or services
  • personal injury claims (injuries caused by
    negligence), eg, traffic accidents, falling into
    holes in the pavement, accidents at work
  • undefended divorce cases and proceedings to end a
    registered civil partnership
  • some domestic violence cases, but these may also
    be heard in the magistrates court
  • race, sex, age, disability discrimination cases
  • debt problems, eg, a creditor seeking payment
  • employment problems, for eg, wages or salary
    owing or pay in lieu of notice.

10
The Magistrates Court
  • Magistrates courts deal with criminal and some
    civil cases
  • All criminal cases start in the magistrates'
    court
  • Summary offences
  • Start Finish in the magistrates' court
  • involve a maximum penalty of six months
    imprisonment and/or a fine of up to 5,000
  • defendant is not entitled to trial by jury.

11
Civil cases in the magistrates court
  • Magistrates can deal with a limited number of
    civil cases as follows-
  • some civil debts, eg, arrears of income tax,
    national insurance contributions, council tax and
    VAT arrears
  • licences, eg, granting, renewing or taking away
    licences for pubs and clubs
  • some matrimonial problems, eg, maintenance and
    removing a spouse from the matrimonial home
  • welfare of children, eg, local authority care or
    supervision orders, adoption proceedings and
    residence orders.

12
The Crown Court
  • More serious criminal offences which will be
    tried by judge and jury
  • Appeals from the magistrates court - which are
    dealt with by a judge and at least two
    magistrates
  • Convictions in the magistrates court that are
    referred to the Crown Court for sentencing.
  • Imprisonment and fines in the Crown Court are
    more severe than in the magistrates court.

13
The High Court
  • Deals with civil cases
  • Hears appeals in criminal cases
  • Has the power to review the actions of
    individuals or organisations to make sure they
    have acted legally and justly.

14
Divisions of The High Court
  • The Family Division deals with complex defended
    divorce cases, dissolution of civil partnerships,
    wardship, adoption, domestic violence
  • The Queens Bench Division deals with large and/or
    complex claims for compensation. It also deals
    with a limited number of appeals from magistrates
    courts or Crown Courts, as well as reviewing the
    actions of organisations to see whether they have
    acted legally, and with libel and slander actions
  • The Chancery Division deals with trusts,
    contested wills, winding up companies,
    bankruptcy, mortgages, charities, contested
    revenue (usually income tax) cases etc.

15
The Court of Appeal
  • Deals with civil and criminal
  • Civil appeals from High and county court and
    Employment Appeal Tribunal and the Lands
    Tribunal.
  • Criminal appeals against convictions in the Crown
    Court, and points of law referred by the Attorney
    General following acquittal in the Crown Court or
    where the sentence imposed was unduly lenient.

16
The Supreme Court
  • The Supreme Court is the final court of appeal in
    the UK for civil cases, and for criminal cases
    from England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
  • It hears cases of the greatest public or
    constitutional importance affecting the whole
    population.

17
The House of Lords
  • Was the highest court in the UK until 1 October
    2009 when the Supreme Court was established
  • The Lords dealt mainly with appeals from the
    Court of Appeal, or direct from the High Court,
    where the case involves a point of law or general
    public importance
  • Appeals were mostly about civil cases although
    the Lords did deal with some criminal appeals.

18
The European Court of Justice
  • If your problem is one which is covered by
    European law, your case may be referred to the
    European Court of Justice (ECJ), based in
    Luxembourg. This may happen if European
    legislation has not been implemented properly by
    a national government, if there is confusion over
    its interpretation, or if it has been ignored.
  • You must first pursue your case through the
    national legal system, but the national court can
    (and in some cases must) refer an issue to the
    ECJ for guidance (a ruling). The case is then
    sent back to the national court to make a
    decision based on the ruling of the ECJ.

19
The European Court of Human Rights
  • The European Court of Human Rights, based in
    Strasbourg, deals with cases in which a person
    thinks their human rights have been contravened
    and for which there is no legal remedy within the
    national legal system.

20
The Legal Profession
  • Solicitors. The Law Society is the governing body
  • Barristers. The Bar Council is the governing
    body.

21
Thank You
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