UPSC AND BANKING EXAM GK- Biology Classification of Livings

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Gk for UPSC and Banking Exam- Classification of
Livings in Biology

• INTRODUCTION
• The scientific practice of identifying, naming
  and grouping of the living organisms is called
  classification. Therefore, it is nothing but
  categorisation of organisms in different groups.
• Taxonomy is the branch of biology which deals
  with the classification of living organisms.
  Under this branch, organisms are named and
  described as well.
• Systematics is the branch of biology which deals
  with grouping and arranging various organisms in
  hierarchical classification.
• Advantages of Classification
• It helps to identify different organisms and
  place them under particular groups.

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• It provides pattern and helps in systematic study
  of organisms.
• It shows relationship between different
  organisms.
• It helps to understand the process of evolution
  from the simple to complex organisms.
• Read further for all the five kingdom
  classification and its notes.
• Macro and Micro Classification Macro
  Classification
• Carolus Linnaeus in 1758 divided all organisms
  into two kingdoms in his book Systema Nature as
• Plantae The Kingdom of Plants
• Animalia The Kingdom of Animals
• Since, organisms like bacteria, virus and fungi
  were left out of this classification, therefore,
  new classification was considered.
• Five Kingdom Classifications
• Five kingdom classification was proposed by R. H.
  Whittaker in
• 1969 based on three criteria
• Cell structure of the organism
• Body Structure of the organism
• Mode of nutrition of the organism
• It is also called the Micro classification or
  Modern classification of the organisms.
• Monera

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• The cell does not have well defined nucleus. The
  DNA is present in the cell without being
  enclosed by nuclear membrane.
• They do not have cell organelles. The cell has
  rigid cell wall.
• For example
• Blue green algae
• bacteria
• Protista
• It includes unicellular plants and animals.
• They are eukaryotic i.e. they have a well
  defined nucleus with a nuclear membrane.
• The cell has cell organelles.
• These organisms are usually found in aquatic
  habitat.
• Some examples include
• Euglena
• Amoeba
• Paramecium
• Fungi

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• Mucor
• Albugo
• Moulds

• Plantae
• It includes all the green plants except algae and
  organisms already belonging to Monera or
  Protista.
• These are multicellular and eukaryotic plants.
• They have Chlorophyll that makes the process of
  photosynthesis possible.
• These are autotrophs i.e. they make their own
  food. For example
• Bryophytes
• Petridophytes
• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms
• Animalia
• All animals except Protozoa come under this
  group.
• These are multicellular animals.
• The cell structure is well developed. The DNA and
  RNA are
• present in the nucleus.
• The chlorophyll and cell wall are absent.
• These are heterotrophs i.e. the cell cannot make
  food on its own.
• For example

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• Bionomial Nomenclature
• The naming of an organism is called Nomenclature.
• Carolus Linnaeus is the father of taxonomy.
• A proper system to name the organisms was needed
  so that by the name could reflect the group it
  belongs to.
• Every organism is represented by a proper name.
• In binomial nomenclature, the name of an organism
  is composed of two words in Latin language.
• The first word is Genus and is called the Generic
  name. It always starts with capital letter.
• The second word refers to the name of the species
  and is called
• the Specific name. The first letter is written
  with small alphabet.
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