Abnormal Psychology

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Abnormal Psychology -
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Topic 1

• Is this Normal or Abnormal?

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Situation 1 A man kissing another man
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Normal

1. It is inside feeling and like other feelings
   which are inside us it would be normal.
2. Its 2020 and love is free. Even if they are just
   friends, its fine too because it is just a way
   to show love.
3. Its just a kiss. You can kiss anyone regardless
   of their gender.
4. It may be the culture of some countries. Maybe in
   Malaysia, it is rare but it does not mean that it
   is abnormal.
5. Love knows no gender. Maybe they were just
   friends and the kiss was just a way of showing
   love.
6. I do believe that this is just another form of
   love. This is not harmful or forceful kind of
   relationship. Everyone is unique in their own way
   and that includes relationship among same gender.
   I may not be one, but that does not prevent me
   from respecting them.
7. I do know some of my guy friends who are gay or
   bi, and also one of them was a haemaphrodite. It
   wasn't easy to accept at first, but I had to
   accept it at a certain point that my guy friend
   was choosing to behave like a female.

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Abnormal

1. It is weird and it might influence others to do
   so as well and from my beliefs it is wrong.
2. The same gender having sexual tension and
   feelings towards each other just does not sit
   right with me because I get uncomfortable just by
   the thought of it.
3. The action is weird and disgusting. I will have
   the mindset that they is gay.
4. If its a mouth to mouth kiss or an intimate
   kiss, the action is showing some disgusting and
   weird early signs such as having the gay
   symptoms.
5. I have never seen any man kissing each other like
   that. It is so weird!
6. It is something which not according to nature.
7. It is something unusual action and its abnormal
   because it rare to see like that.

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Abnormal

1. In Malaysian culture, we rarely see a man kiss
   another man, it doesnt have to be an intimate
   kiss, kissing on the cheeks when greeting is
   something we rarely see in our culture compared
   to Americans so i feel like its abnormal.
2. I just think its unusual and weird as it is not
   commonly seen in this culture.
3. It depends to situation. If they kiss each other
   lips lovely they show a specific feeling but if
   as greeting I think is normal
4. If it happened to me, I will feel awkward and
   nausea. Because I dont like, even I think its
   normal, but physically and mentally are rejected.
   The reason why I said that is normal but I cant
   accept it because the people (guys) around me
   they dont have this behavior but girl did.
   Accept certain situation.
5. It's gay and maybe their hormone change.

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Situation 2
A woman refusing to eat for several days
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Normal

1. This entirely depends on the situation and the
   reason she isnt eating, because sometimes people
   go or fasts where they only have liquid.
2. It is all depend on the individual preferences.
   some people would choose not to eat for several
   days because they might not have anything
   suitable to eat, they may not be able to eat or
   bite where they only have some drinks, they can
   even be undergoing a treatment that makes them
   lose appetite to eat or they could be fasting due
   to some religious activities.
3. According their jobs or goals, maybe they want to
   lose weight like models or athletes, or maybe
   they want to fast so they stop eating for a few
   days.

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Abnormal

1. I think she is too depressed. If she doesnt eat
   anything at all, she is not in a healthy state!
2. Even though she is insecure about the percentage
   of her body fat or wanting to slim down to her
   desired weight, i feel that this act is abnormal
   due to the fact that it can especially harm her
   physical health where she could experience
   stomach ache, migraine and also gastrics.
3. If she does not eat for days, she may develop
   health problems. She may be stressed or trying to
   lose weight.
4. Food is one of the main source that keeps us
   going and if ur refusing for certain reasons like
   weight loss, mental health problems and more but
   there is always consequences.
5. I think refusing to eat for days is abnormal,
   however, skipping meals or less appetite to eat
   is normal because of hormonal changes.

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Abnormal

1. She insecure with her body weight, she worry that
   she will gaining weight and she might have health
   problem such as stomach ache because she refusing
   to eat several days. It can link with eating
   disorder.
2. She must be having depression which is considered
   not normal
3. She may get health problems if she did not eat
   for several days. And it may related to eating
   disorders.
4. Refusing to eat for days would mean that
   something has become more important to her than
   satisfying her basic needs- hunger. It shows that
   something is wrong with her.
5. When a women have this behavior, mostly they are
   in a huge depression, stress, emotion and so on.
   Because as a human, we wont refuse to eat at
   all, because our body need food to maintain our
   body to keep have energy for our body.
6. Refusing to eat for several days is an alarming
   situation as food is our basic need to survive.
   This could be the sign of physical, mental or
   even emotional health issues.

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Abnormal

1. A woman refusing to eat for several days is a
   abnormal behavior because as a humans we need to
   take food to keep our body in good health if
   though, we having or facing huge problems.
2. If she worry about her weight or decide to get
   slim without eating it is not normal or she scare
   to increase her weight or another problems and
   they're not worry about their health
3. It is unusual for someone to accept starving that
   could harm themselves.
4. Having meals on daily basis is crucial for our
   body needs and not having any meals on several
   days is alarming as not only this is harmful to a
   persons physical health, this also indicates
   that the person could be having troubling
   thoughts which harms his/her mental health as
   well.
5. She has no appetite and it's unbalanced diet.

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Situation 3
A man driving a nail through his hand
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Normal

• Now we are living in 2020, so we should passed
  those traditional belief. Because of gender, we
  should stop doing or wearing specific things. As
  long as our appearance doesnt bother people, we
  can do whatever we like.

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Abnormal

1. He must be drunk and too tired and got
   unconsciously injured himself. He must be too
   hurt inside himself.
2. This is very rare behavior that we never saw
   before this which how a person can hurt himself
   just for driving a nail.
3. Causing so much of pain to oneself is not normal.
4. No one would be in their right minds to purposely
   hurt themselves and enjoy the feeling of
   excruciating pain.
5. Normal people dont cause themselves so much
   pain. It also means that he is stressed, so he
   self-harm to release his pressure.
6. It will very hurt and painful.
7. He is harming himself and that is a sign that
   something is wrong. Why would someone cause pain
   to themselves.

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Abnormal

• No one would simply cause pain to themselves
  unless they really go through some serious matter
  that they find it difficult to handle. he is
  self-harming himself in order to get some
  satisfaction and release his tensions. It could
  show that he is going through stress that could
  slowly leads to depression which causes him to
  self-harm.
• This might cause him some serious injuries that
  might not even thought of.
• Its pain, disgusting and he is harming his own
  hand. So for me, it is wrong and I really don't
  appreciate such vulgar behavior.
• I dont think someone would willingly harm
  themselves.
• No one would hurt or harm themselves on purpose
  for no reason.
• He can injure himself.

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Abnormal

1. Self harming is not something people would do. If
   they self harm, the reason for this is usually
   due to issue they have which troubles them and
   affects their daily live activities.
2. Nobody like to harm him or herself,these people
   have problem and they don't like themselves.
3. If he is a magician, I would be fine with it, but
   if his intentions were to harm himself, surely it
   is a part of abnormality.
4. His behaviors is like to harm himself.
5. He is using self-harm to release his stress.
   There are many ways to release stress and we
   normally will not choose self-harm because it
   will bring harm to us. So, he is in high stress
   and he need treatment soon.

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Topic 2

1. Whats Mental Illness Stigmatization?2. How to
   Fight Mental Illness Stigmatization?

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• Mental illness stigmatization is used to think
  that somebody was punished by God or having an
  unclean spirit inside their bodies, making the
  person to behave abnormally that other people
  find them annoying.
• To fight mental illness stigmatization, the
  person can find support at Malaysian Mental
  Health Association (in Malaysia), and share their
  experiences to others to educate the public that
  there are many people facing the same thing, by
  using EndTheStigma and/or add Photo Frame if
  sharing on social media.

• The societies in different countries can raise
  the awareness by organising the campaigns, like
  Mental Health Awareness Month in May and World
  Mental Health Day on 10th October, to share the
  infographics, videos, promote their support
  services and encourage the public to wear a lime
  green ribbon, which represents hope, strength,
  support, and encouragement for sufferers.

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Topic 3

• What are the Autonomic Arousal, Somatic and
  Psychological symptoms?

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Autonomic Arousal Symptoms Responsible for many
of the body's automatic processes such as heart
rate, respiratory functions, digestion stomach
pain, rapid breathing and dizziness Somatic
Symptom A person having a significant focus on
physical symptoms, pain, weakness or shortness of
breath and muscle ache
Arousal Symptoms - Hard time concentrating and
controlling thoughts - Increased heart beat,
uncontrolled sweating and feeling of
stress Psychological Symptoms Feeling
nervous, restless or tense having a sense of
panic having an increased of heart rate
breathing rapidly sweating trembling feeling
weak or tired trouble concentrating
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Topic 4

• Panic Attack Symptoms

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Symptoms
Sense of impending danger Fear of losing
control
Increase heart rate Uncontrolled sweating
Shortness of breath
Hot flashes Sudden chills Chest pains
Headaches Dizziness
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Topic 5

• Phobias

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• Types of Specific Phobia
• Animal Type Dogs, snakes, or spiders
• Natural Environment Type Heights, storms, water
• Blood-Injection-Injury Type Fear of seeing
  blood, receiving a blood test or shot, watching
  TV shows that displaying medical procedures

Agoraphobia is a fear of being in situations
where escape might be difficult or that help
wouldn't be available if things go wrong. Many
people assume it is simply a fear of open spaces.
Someone with agoraphobia may be scared of
travelling on public transport. Social phobia
happens during social interactions, like talking
to strangers, speaking in public, dating, making
eye contact, entering rooms. When people feel so
self-conscious and anxious that it prevents them
from speaking up or socializing most of the time,
it is probably more than shyness. Specific
phobias are overwhelming and unreasonable fear of
objects or situations that pose little real
danger, but provoke anxiety and avoidance.
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OCD Symptoms Example
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• Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an
  anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable,
  unwanted thoughts and ritualized, repetitive
  behaviors that you feel compelled to perform.
• Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental
  acts that a person feels driven to perform in
  response to an obsession. The behaviors are aimed
  at preventing or reducing distress or a feared
  situation.

• Symptoms
• Hoarding items
• Repeating actions or phrases
• Easily distressed by the things around them
• Fear of losing control
• Examples of compulsions
• Cleaning to reduce the fear that germs
• Repeating to dispel anxiety
• Checking to reduce the fear of harming oneself or
  others
• Ordering and arranging to reduce discomfort

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PTSD Symptoms Example
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• Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a set of
  reactions that can occur after someone has been
  through a traumatic event. In other word, it is
  a disorder that develops in some people who have
  experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous
  event.
• Examples
• Effects of war
• Childhood trauma
• Unpredicted incidents
• Unable to cope with loss
• Effects of experiencing disasters

• Symptoms
• Re-living the traumatic event through
  distressing, unwanted memories
• Avoiding reminders of the traumatic event,
  including activities, places, people that bring
  back memories of the trauma
• Negative thoughts and feelings like fear, anger,
  guilt, or feeling
• Feeling wound-up. This might mean having trouble
  sleeping or concentrating, feeling angry or
  irritable

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Personality Disorders
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• Schizophrenia Disorder

Abnormal Motor Behaviour Inappropriate or bizarre
posture, a complete lack of response, or useless
and excessive movement.
Negative Symptoms refer to the absence of normal
behaviors found in healthy individuals, such as
emotional expression, enthusiasm, interest of the
world
Speech disorder Effective communication can be
impaired, and answers to questions may be
partially or completely unrelated.
Aggression This happens due to delusions and
hallucinations which results that individual to
react aggressively towards others.
Hallucinations Seeing or hearing things that
don't exist.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
Attachments and emotional bonds are weak, and
interpersonal relationships often revolve around
the manipulation, exploitation, and abuse of
others
Aggression toward people
Destructive behavior impulsive and reckless,
failing to consider or disregarding the
consequences of their actions
Rule breaking
Aggressive behavior Hostility, significant
irritability, agitation, aggression or violence
They may display arrogance, think lowly and
negatively of others
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Borderline Personality Disorder
Viewing yourself negatively
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Spend much time daydreaming about achieving power
and success, or on their appearance.
React with rage or contempt and try to belittle
the other person to make themselves appear
superior.
Have an exaggerated sense of self importance and
sense of self entitlement.
Believe they can only associate with equally
special people. Be envious of others and believe
others envy them.
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Topic 6

• Riddles Time - Guess Which Disorder

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• Second Scenario
• Tim is constantly thinking highly of himself and
  he will try and force his views and opinions on
  others even though he knows he is wrong. He will
  also be highly defensive when he is confronted
  with a mistake and he will start to act
  aggressively towards others.
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder

• First Scenario
• My symptoms began in early adolescence, as I
  quickly became aware that I was not like my
  peers. Separation anxiety, fear of abandonment,
  self-harm and emotional instability prevented me
  from experiencing what should have been the
  typical life of a teenager. I spent my days in
  isolation, not understanding the overwhelming
  emotions that attacked me from every side, often
  crying myself to sleep wondering why the feelings
  just wouldn't go away, and why I couldn't put a
  name to them. Throughout my teens I failed to
  develop an identity, falling behind academically,
  socially and emotionally. It felt like I had got
  'stuck' at age 11 when the problems began and
  that my body and mind were developing but my
  sense of self and capacity to regulate emotion
  lagged way behind. It wasn't until I was finally
  diagnosed that I began to realise what all these
  symptoms mean, and I was finally able to start
  unpicking my past in order to understand my
  present.
• Borderline Personality Disorder

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• Scenario 1
• Amanda is angry when service in a restaurant is
  poor, but instead of complaining to the
  management, Amanda ruminates about how much to
  leave as a tip.
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Scenario 2 Karen visited the supermarket without
wearing a facial mask. When confronted by
workers, she screamed and said that the workers
were harassing her and violating laws. She make
sure to scream and throw things before leaving
the store. Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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• Scenario 1
• Mandy felt that she is constantly watched and
  despised by her co-workers in her workplace. She
  felt that others werent pleased with how the
  manager was nice to her on her first week of the
  job. Because of this, she fears that her
  co-workers could be plotting a scheme which could
  jeopardise her occupation due to the intense
  environment there and her constant perception on
  how she is heavily disliked there.
• Schizophrenia Disorder

• Scenario 2
• Randy stated that he began hearing voices in his
  head during his school times. He was a victim of
  bullying and because of that unpleasant
  experience, he noticed that these voices
  directs him to harm others such as assaulting
  others out of the blue as self-defense although
  majority of them do not have any form of
  connection with him.
• Schizophrenia Disorder

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Scenario 2 Rayn does not have many friends, but
he has this one very best friend named Kate. One
day, Kate brought her 2 year old niece, Lily and
introduce her to Rayn. They hang out often and
people around seem to look at Rayn weirdly every
time he is with Kate and her niece. He knew Lily
for years, but at one point he realised Lily
doesnt age at all. She looked the same all those
years. Schizophrenia Disorder

• Scenario 1
• James always want to be the centre of the
  conversation.If he never get to be the centre,he
  will feel uncomfortable. His mood always swing
  and will always act aggressively during
  conversation.
• Histrionic Personality Disorder

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Scenario 1 When Lily was 2 year old, her mom
neglected her and her dad consumed drugs due to
schizophrenia and commit suicide. Lily was left
alone back then until someone placed her at a
foster home. After some times, she were adopted.
During her primary school, she was being sexually
abused by her friends brother. Lily then became
more aggressive, violent and rob the bank.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Scenario 2 Lylias family had always thought her
to be different. When she was young she often
distance herself from others. She often spend a
lot of time alone in her thoughts. Because of
this, as she grew up, she had no interest to
maintain a close relationship with others.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Your Depressed Moment. Give 2.
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• I felt depressed when it is a must for me to go
  to tuition for all subjects everyday after
  school, and even weekends and school holidays. I
  did not have the time to have a good rest,
  struggle to sleep well and revised what I had
  learned at school. Because of that, I didn't
  really have any hobbies, but just enjoyed my time
  very much during physical educations when I won
  a lot of trophies and medals during sport
  competitions art class and music class at school.

• I felt depressed when I wasnt allow to use the
  computer and internet access to do my homework as
  expected. But then, the modern generation is
  making students to use computer to do the
  projects and searching for the information.
  Because of that, I started to get familiar with
  and develop the skills by using the computers at
  the library where students are free to access
  before I have my own laptop. And now, many people
  approach me to solve their technical issues.

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With Medication and Psychotherapy
What else a Bipolar Disorder Patients can do for
him or herself to manage their life better?
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(No Transcript)
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• Monitor and elevate your mood
• Develop a schedule
• Sleep hygiene
• Limit stress
• Take your time in making wise decisions
• Build a good support network
• Join a support group

• Communicate openly
• Exercise frequently
• Find new hobbies
• Take time to relax
• Be more optimistic
• Avoid alcohol and drugs
• Take medications only as prescribed
• Make a wellbeing plan
• Make a suicide safety plan