Anterior Cruciate Ligament(ACL)SURGERY-Meddco

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Anterior Cruciate Ligament(ACL)
SURGERY
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INDEX

• Introduction
• Symptoms
• Causes
• Treatment
• Preventation
• Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION

• The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of a
  pair of  cruciate ligaments (the other being
  the posterior cruciate ligament) in the human
  knee. The two ligaments are also called
  "cruciform" ligaments, as they are arranged in a
  crossed formation.
• In the  quadruped stifle joint (analogous to the
  knee), based on its anatomical position, it is
  also referred to as the cranial cruciate
  ligament.
• The anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) is one of the
  four main ligaments of the knee, providing 85 of
  the restraining force to anterior  tibial
  displacement at 30 and 90 of knee flexion.
• The ACL is the most injured ligament of the four
  located in the knee.

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SYMPTOMS

• Signs and symptoms of an ACL injury usually
  include
• A loud pop or a "popping" sensation in the knee
• Severe pain and inability to continue activity
• Rapid swelling
• Loss of range of motion
• A feeling of instability or "giving way" with
  weight bearing

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CAUSES of ACL INGURY

• 1-Changing direction rapidly
• 2-Stopping suddenly
• 3-Slowing down while running
• 4-Landing from a jump incorrectly
• 5-Direct contact or collision, such as a
  football tackle
• 6-Several studies have shown that female
  athletics have a higher incidence of ACL injury
  than male athletics because of Differences in
• (A)-Physical conditioning
• (B)-Muscular strength
• (C)-Neuromuscular control
• (D)-Pelvis and lower extremity(Leg) alignment
• (E)- The effects of estrogenic on ligament
  properties

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TREATMENT

• GRAFTS

• SURGICAL TREATMENT

• Follow the RICE model of self care at home
• -Rest-General rest is necessary for healing and
  limits weight bearing on your knee
• -Ice-When you are awake try to ice your knee at
  least every two hours 20 minutes at a time
• -Compression-Wrap an elastic bandage or
  compressive wrap around your knee
• -Elevation-Lie down with your knee propped up on
  pillows
• Swelling in the knee must go down to near normal
  levels
• Therefore the torn ACL is generally replaced by a
  substitute Graft made of Tendon

• There are two types of grafts which are commonly
  used to replace the ACL which are as follows
• (A)-Autograft
• -Patellar tendon
• -Hamstring tendon
• -Quadriceps tendon
• (B)-Allograft
• -Patellar tendon
• -Achilles tendon
• -Semitendinosus
• -Gracilis,or posterior tibialis tendon

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PREVENTATION

• Programs to reduce acl injury include are as
  follows
• -exercise to strengthen the core-including the
  hips, pelvis and lower abdomen-with a goal of
  training athletes to avoid moving the knee inward
  during a squat
• -exercise that strengthen leg muscles,
  particularly hamstring exercise, to ensure an
  overall balance in leg muscles strength
• -training and exercise emphasizing proper
  technique and knee position when jumping and
  landing from jumps
• -Training to improve technique when performing
  pivoting and cutting movements

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