Bipolar Causes and Treatment

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Bipolar Disorder
Causes and Treatment
Jessica Wood Advanced General Psychology
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Bipolar Disorder

• Consists of 3 Subsets
• Bipolar I

Notes Bipolar I- consists of mood swings that
cause significant difficulty in the individuals
everyday life manic episodes can be sever and
dangerous (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2010)
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Bipolar II
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Cyclothymia
Bipolar II- is a less sever form of Bipolar I and
may cause elevated mood, irritability, and some
changes in the individuals functioning but the
sufferer can carryout a normal everyday routine
(Mayo Clinic Staff, 2010). Cyclothymia- the
mildest form of Bipolar Disorder, it involves
hypomania and depression but, the highs and
lows are milder than the other forms of Bipolar
Disorder (Mayo
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Clinic Staff, 2010).
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Basic Symptoms
Manic Phase Extremely elevated mood
Irritability Anger
Notes Flight of ideas- racing or distracted
thoughts, rapid switch from one subject to
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another Risky behavior- gambling, sexual
promiscuity, and substance abuse
Fast speech Flight of ideas Risky behavior
Poor judgment Decreased need for sleep Less
severe episodes of elevated mood are called
hypomania
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Basic Symptoms Continued Depressive Phase

• Extreme sadness
• Inactivity and disinterest in usual activities
• Crying
• Anxiety
• Irritability
• Feeling of hopelessness or overwhelming guilt
• Unintentional weight loss or gain

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Causes

• Biological
• Neurochemical
• Hormones

Notes Biological- physical effects on the brain,
but the significance of these changes are
unknown at this time. Neurochemical- dysfunctions
in the
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neurotransmitter, such as problems with
norepinephrine and serotonin. Inherited Traits-
run in families and children with a parent or
sibling with bipolar is 4-6 times more likely to
develop and mental illness, compared to children
without mentally ill family members. Environmenta
l factors , stress, abuse, loss or traumatic
events.

• Inherited traits

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Environmental factors
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Treatment

• Psychotherapy
• Medication
• Hospitalization

Notes Psychotherapies- cognitive behavioral
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therapy individual therapy family therapy )
and group therapy (Mayo Clinic Staff,
2010 Medications- Lithium anticonvulsants
antidepressants antipsychotics
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symbyax and benzodiazepines (Mayo Clinic Staff,
2010). Other types of medications that are given
to bipolar patients are epileptic medications
typical and atypical antipsychologic drugs and
sleep medications (Ray, W.A, 2009 National
Institute of Mental Health, 2010). Hospitalization
- needed if the individual is a danger
to themselves or other (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2010).
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Conclusion
Prevailing Argument The prevailing arguments
where for both causes and treatment was based on
Notes People with family members that have
Bipolar Disorder are more likely to have
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Bipolar Disorder or other mental illnesses
(National Institute of Mental Health, 2010)
parent or sibling with bipolar is 4-6 times
more likely to develop and mental illness
(National Institute of Mental Health, 2010). The
chemical/ neurotransmitters that are believed to
be imbalanced in a Bipolars brain are
norepinephrine, serotonin, andothers (Bressert,
S., 2010). The environmental factors that are
believed to trigger Bipolar Disorder are stress,
abuse, loss or traumatic events may play a role
in Bipolar (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2010). Bipolar
episodes are believed to begin between the ages
of 15 and 30 (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2010).
genetics, neurology, and environment.
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Conclusion Continued
Prevailing Argument The treatments for Bipolar
Disorder are medication, of therapy,
Notes The medications that are used are
epileptic medications typical and atypical
antipsychologic drugs mood stabilizer (such as
Lithium) and antidepressant medications
(National
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and hospitalization.
Institute of Mental Health, 2010) therapies that
used are psychotherapy (individual and group)
and electroconvulsive therapy (National
Institute of Mental Health, 2010). Hospitalization
is needed if the individual is a danger
to themselves or other (Mayo Clinic Staff,
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2010).
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Strengths and Weaknesses of
Articles
Notes Mayo Clinic- The strengths of this medical
website are it gives valid and up to date
information the information is easy to
understand and is laid out in an easy to access
format. The weaknesses are it gives general
information on the causes of the mental
disorder it is general on the effects of the
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Bipolar Disorder Causes and Treatments Mayo
Clinic Staff. Related Events in Patients
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mediation and it is general on the risk factors
of the disorder. Arana, Wentworth, Mateos, and
Arellano- The strength of this article is that
it gives conclusive evidence that epileptic
medications can cause a higher risk of suicide
related events in bipolar and depression
patients. Because, of this fact it is important
that doctors that prescribe these medications
keep a close eye on their patients, to minimize
the risks. The weakness of this article is that
it did not take into the evaluation the
environmental factors that are associated with
suicidal events.
Treated with Antiepileptic Drugs. A. Arana, C.E.
Wentworth, J.L. Ayuso- Mateos, and F.M. Arellano.
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Articles Continued
Notes Cross-National Epidemiology- The strength
of this study was that it surveyed a wide
spectrum of people. The weaknesses of the study
is that it did not take into account all of the
cultural differences that can
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Cross-National Epidemiology of Major Depression
and Bipolar Disorder. M.M. Weissman
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determine what is considered mental illness.
Bipolar Disorder. J.M. Torpy, C. Lynm, and R.M.
Glass- The strengths of this are article is that
that it gives more details on diagnosing bipolar
over some of the other articles. The weaknesses
of the article are it seems to diminish the
importance of therapy and does not describe the
various types that can be helpful it skims over
the medications that can be used to treat the
disorder and highlights the negative effects and
it lacks the causes of bipolar disorder.
and et al. Bipolar Disorder. J.M. Torpy, C.
Lynm, and R.M. Glass.
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Articles Continued
Notes The Causes of Bipolar Disorder (Manic
Depression). S. Bressert- The
The Causes of Bipolar Disorder (Manic
Depression). S. Bressert
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strengths of the website are it is very detailed
and gives more information (in details) than
all of the other websites and articles, on
causes. The weakness is that it does not give
the types of tools that
can identify the disorder.
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References
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Arana, A., Wentworth, C.E., Ayuso-Meteos, J.L.,
and Arellano, F.M. (2010). Suicide-Related
Events in Patients Treated with Antiepileptic
Drugs. http//www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMo
a0909801. Bressert, S. (2010). The Causes of
Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression).
http//psychcentral.com/lib/2007/the-causes-of-bip
olar-disorder-manic-depr
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• Das, A.K. and et al (2005). Screening for Bipolar
  Disorder in a Primary Care Practice.
• http//jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/293/
  8/956?maxtoshowhi fulltextbipolarsearchid1F
  IRSTINDEX0resourcetypeHWCIT.
• Mansfield, A. et al. (2010). Deployment and the
  Use of Mental Health Services among U.S. Army
  Wives. http//www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMo
  a0900177.
• Mayo Clinic Staff (2010). Bipolar Disorder.

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http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/bipolar-disorder/
DS00356
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References
Continued National Institute of Mental Health.
Bipolar Disorder. http//www.nimh.nih.gov/health/
publications/bipolar-disorder/complete-index.shtm
. Ray, W.A. et al (2009). Atypical
Antipsychotic Drugs and the Risk of Sudden
Cardiac Death. http//www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.105
6/NEJMoa0806994.
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Sachs, G.S. et al. (2007). Effectiveness of
Adjunctive Antidepressants Treatment for Bipolar
Depression. http//www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/N
EJMoa064135. Torpy, J.M., Lynm, C., Glass
(2009). Bipolar Disorder. http//jama.ama-assn.org
/cgi/content/full/301/5/564?maxtoshowhits10RES
U fulltextbipolarsearchid1FIRSTINDEX10resou
rcetypeHWCIT. Weissman, M.M. et al.
Cross-National Epidemiology of Major Depresssion
and Bipolar Disorder. http//jama.ama-assn.org/cg
i/reprint/276/4/293?maxtoshowhits10RESULTF
fulltextbipolarsearchid1FIRSTINDEX0resourcet
ypeHWCIT.
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