Typhoid Vaccination for Travel

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Typhoid Vaccination for Travel

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Typhoid Vaccination
The disease is caused by the bacteria Salmonella
Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, B or C. Typhoid
is transmitted by food and drink that has been
contaminated with human faeces or urine
(faecal-oral route). Typhoid can be found
throughout the world but it is more common in
countries where water or food supplies are liable
to be contaminated with human excreta especially
in Africa, the Indian Sub-continent, South East
Asia and South America.
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The Risks for Travelers
Consumption of food and drink that has been
contaminated with faeces or urine from a human
case or carrier direct faecal oral contamination
can also occur. As with all other illnesses
spread by the faecal oral route, precautionary
measures should be taken to avoid consumption of
potentially contaminated drinks and drinking
water and to ensure food is uncontaminated or
cooked thoroughly. Personal hygiene when eating
and drinking is also important including hand
washing prior to eating and using clean plates,
cups and utensils.
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Signs and symptoms of Typhoid
Mild Fever Constipation or sometimes
diarrhoea Abdominal pain, loss of
appetite Myalgia and headache Faint pink rose
spot rash can occasionally be seen Severe Disse
minated disease with multi organ
involvement Intestinal perforation Meningitis
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Vaccination should be considered under the
following circumstances and is dependent on the
individual risk assessment Vaccination is
recommended for travellers to high risk areas
where food and water may be contaminated. Travel
to low risk areas  vaccination may be
recommended only to those staying in conditions
with poor sanitation and unable to maintain their
own hygiene precautions e.g. hand hygiene and
water purification. Long term travellers staying
for long periods. A previous typhoid illness does
not confer reliable immunity and, when indicated,
vaccine should still be used.
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Thanks!

• Phone
• 0115 9475498 Nottingham
• 0114 3583930 Sheffield
• 0333 455 9070 Leicester
• 0333 455 9070 Birmingham
• Email info_at_travel-doc.com
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