THYROID CANCER

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The thyroid is the butterfly-shaped gland at the
base of the neck. The thyroid gland is a vital
hormone gland. It plays a major role in the
metabolism, growth and development of the human
body. It helps to regulate many body functions by
constantly releasing a steady amount of thyroid
hormones into the bloodstream. The thyroid
produces hormones that regulate heart rate, blood
pressure, body temperature and weight.
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Thyroid cancer is a growth of cells that starts
in the thyroid. Having an overactive thyroid
gland (hyperthyroidism) or an underactive thyroid
gland (hypothyroidism) doesn't increase your
chances of developing thyroid cancer. Around 1 in
5 cases of thyroid cancer occur in people who've
had a previous benign thyroid condition.  The
exact cause of most thyroid cancers is not yet
known. Certain changes in a person's DNA can
cause thyroid cells to become cancerous.
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Signs and Symptoms of Thyroid Cancer

•     A lump in the neck, sometimes growing
  quickly.
•          Swelling in the neck.
•          Pain in the front of the neck,
  sometimes going up to the ears.
•          Hoarseness or other voice changes that
  do not go away.
•          Trouble swallowing.
•          Trouble breathing.
•          A constant cough that is not due to a
  cold.

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• Types of thyroid cancer include
• Papillary Up to 80 of all thyroid cancers are
  papillary. This cancer type grows slowly.
  Although papillary thyroid cancer often spreads
  to lymph nodes in your neck, the disease responds
  very well to treatment. Papillary thyroid cancer
  is highly curable and rarely fatal.
• Follicular Follicular thyroid cancer accounts
  for up to 15 of thyroid cancer diagnoses. This
  cancer is more likely to spread to your bones and
  organs, like your lungs.
• Medullary About 2 of thyroid cancers are
  medullary. A quarter of people with medullary
  thyroid cancer have a family history of the
  disease.
• Anaplastic This aggressive thyroid cancer is the
  hardest type to treat. It can grow quickly and
  often spreads into surrounding tissue and other
  parts of your body. This is a rare cancer.

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Warning signs You might feel a lump or growth
in your neck called a thyroid nodule. Most
nodules are benign. Difficulty
breathing or swallowing. Loss of
voice (hoarseness). Swollen lymph
nodes in your neck.
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Factors causing Thyroid Cancer Enlarged thyroid
(goitre) Family history of thyroid
disease or thyroid cancer.
Inflammation of your thyroid gland.
Gene mutations (changes) that cause endocrine
diseases, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia
type 2A (MEN2A) or type 2B (MEN2B) syndrome.
Low iodine intake.
Obesity Radiation therapy of head
and neck especially during childhood.
Exposure to radioactive fallout from nuclear
weapons or a power plant accident.
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