cardiovascular diseases

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

• By Afreen Bashir B.IT (1st sem)

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Introduction

• An apple a day keeps a doctor away.
• This quote implies that promoting healthy habits
  as a way of living is better than seeking cure
  for an ailment.
• People who practice healthy habits as a way of
  life have a higher chance to enjoy freedom from
  disease as dependence on medications and
  treatments to maintain wellness is not a healthy
  way of living.
• People who dont practice a healthy lifestyle
  are prone to diseases like coronary heart
  diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis
  and kidney disease.

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IMPORTANCE OF DISEASE PREVENTION.

• Since the beginning of the 20th century, life
  expectancy has improved dramatically worldwide
  especially in developed countries.
• People are living longer with significantly
  improved quality of life and not succumbing
  easily to debilitating diseases.
• Environment also plays a major role on health and
  wellness. As a result, there is a rising trend
  among health conscious individuals to play more
  active roles in creating a clean and healthy
  environment that is conducive to general
  wellness.
• The promotion of healthy behaviors by health
  authorities (UN and WHO) has effectively reduced
  the burden of preventable diseases and promoted
  better quality of life and sense of well-being
  among the population.

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IMPORTANCE OF DISEASE PREVENTION.

• People who do not practice healthy lifestyles
  will become more vulnerable to non-communicable
  diseases which have long term effects on our body
  and are much more difficult to control.
• Non communicable diseases are also called chronic
  diseases as they have a long term effect on the
  body. Examples of such includes coronary heart
  diseases (CHD), cancer, diabetes mellitus,
  osteoporosis and kidney disease. Coronary heart
  disease (CHD) is also known as coronary artery
  disease (CAD).
• Many of these diseases can be controlled and even
  prevented through lifestyle modifications.

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

• Cardiovascular diseases are a variety of ailments
  associated with malfunctioning within the heart
  as well as the blood circulation in the body.
• The most serious cardiovascular diseases that are
  related to lifestyle choices are coronary heart
  diseases, heart failure, hypertension and stroke.
  
• There are some heart conditions caused by other
  factors such as rheumatic heart disease and
  valvular heart diseases due to infection and
  septal defects caused by congenital anomalies.

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UNDERSTANDING THE HEART.

• The heart is a muscular organ about the size of
  your fist and is located at the centre of the
  chest, behind the sternal bone.

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• Our heart pumps approximately 70 times per minute
  in a adult to circulate oxygenated blood to our
  body.
• Oxygenated blood is carried by a network of
  arteries and circulated in the body. It is then
  brought back to the heart as deoxygenated blood
  through the veins to get purified again.
• The arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the
  hearts own muscles are known as coronary
  arteries.

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CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD)

• A disease associated with coronary arteries is
  called coronary heart disease.
• Coronary heart disease is a condition where the
  hearts blood supply is reduced or completely
  blocked by plaque which is formed due to build-up
  of fats or other deposits such as tar from
  cigarettes within the walls of the coronary
  arteries.
• The narrowing of the arteries due to the plaque
  is known as atherosclerosis.

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• As the size of the plaque gradually gets bigger,
  the oxygenated blood supply reduces, causing
  damage to the cells of the heart muscle.
• During this event, a person will eventually
  experience a heart attack that manifests as chest
  pains.
• In medical terminology, a minor heart attack or
  transient chest pains is known as angina
  pectoris, whereas a full-blown heart attack is
  known as myocardial infarction.

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RISK FACTORS THAT CAUSE CHD.

1. Smoking
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Hypertension
4. High blood cholesterol
5. Obesity
6. Excessive and prolonged stress

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SERIOUSNESS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE.

• According to Malaysian statistic, CHD was the
  number one cause of death, amounting to about 25
  of all fatalities in hospitals in 2013.
• Coronary heart disease also happens to be among
  the top five reasons for hospital admissions in
  Malaysia since the past decade.
• The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
  (CDC) (2015) reports that about 610,000 people
  die of heart disease in the US every year that is
  one in every four deaths.
• As for the UK, about 1 in 6 men and 1 in 10
  women die of CHD annually. The astonishing facts
  are a grim reminder of the serious threat that
  CHD poses on the health and wellness of people.

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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE.

• Chest pain is the most common symptom experienced
  by a person with coronary artery disease.
• People with coronary heart disease experience the
  following symptoms
• A) Radiation of pain over left arm, neck, jaw,
  shoulder or stomach
• B) Tightness over chest
• C) Breathlessness
• D) Heart palpitations
• E) Excessive sweating
• F) Feeling lightheaded or fainting
• G) Nausea

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PREVENTING CORONARY HEART DISEASES.

• Lifestyle choices are linked to CHD. Some of the
  specific ways to prevent CHD are as follows
• (a)  Keeping blood pressure under control
• (b)  Keeping blood sugar under control
• (c)  Managing stress
• (d)  Taking a healthy, well balanced diet
• (e)  Being physically active and regular
  exercise
• (f)  Maintaining a normal, healthy body weight
• (g)  Refraining from smoking, recreational drugs
  and alcohol
• (h)  Taking any prescribed medicines regularly
  and
• (i)  Having a positive outlook in life.

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THANK YOU!!