BIOSTATISTICS

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BIOSTATISTICS

• Presented by Romaisa Tanveer
• Registeration No STAT120221002
• Bs Statistics

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OUTLINE

• What is Biostatistics.
• Discuss its importance
• Impotance of biostatistics in different Fields.
• What is censored Data,Define its any two types.
• Differentiate between Qualitative and
  Quantitative variable.
• Which variable we used in Biostatistics.
• Difference between Target and Sample population
  with Example.

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What is Biostatistics

• Definition
• It is theBranch of Statistics concerned with
  mathematical facts and data related to biological
  events that helps in managing medical
  uncertainties.
• OR
• Biostatistic is the term used when tools of
  statistics are applied to the data that is
  derived from biological science such as Medicines.

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Importance of Biostatistics

• Biostatistics has importance in all the branches
  of life science.
• Identify and develop treatment for disease and
  estimate their effects.
• Identify risk factors for disease.
• Design, monitor, analyze,interpret nd report
  results of clinical studies
• To learn few techniques for analysing data.

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Importance of Biostatistics in different Branches

• Genetic
• Study the inheritance pattern and behaviour of
  genes in a population (population genetics).
  Essential for Study of Mendelian genetics.
• Chi-Square test is widely used in the
  interpreting genetic experiment, especially inthe
  detection of single factor ratio, linkages and
  heterogeneity.

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• In Physiology Anatomy
• To define what is normal or healthy in a
  population. To find the limit of normality in
  variable such as weight and pulse rate i.e in a
  population .
• To find the Correlation between two variables X
  and Y such as height and Weight.

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• In pharmacology
• To find the action of drugs ,a drugs is given to
  animals or Humans to see whether the changes
  produced are due to the drug or by chance.
• To compare the action of two different drugs or
  teo successive dosage of the same time.
• To find the relative potency of a new drugs with
  respect to a standard drugs.

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Censored Data

• Definition
• In Statistics,
  censored data referes to observation or
  measurements that have incomplete or Partial
  Information due to certain limitations or
  censoring mechanism.

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Types Of Censoring Data

• There are Following common types of censored
  data.
• Right Censoring Data
• Left Censoring Data
• Interval Censoring Data
• Types l and Type ll Censored Data.

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1 . Right Censoring In right
Censoring,the true values of the variable is
known to be greater that certain threshold.The
exact value is unknown,but it us known to be at
least as large as censoring threshold.This
oftens when events of interest has not occurred
by the end of the study or observations period.

• Example
• In right Censored data, Include
  survival Times of patients who are still alive at
  the end of a study or time-to- failure data
  where the failure event has not yet happened.

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2. Left Censored Data
In left Censoring data,the true value of
the variable is known to be less than a certain
threshold.The exact value is unknown,but it is
known to be smaller than the Censoring
threshold.This can occur when the variable of
interest is below the detection limit of the
measurement instrument. Example
In left Censored data, Is when measuring the
concentration of a substance in a sample,but the
measurement device is only capable of detecting
concentrations above a certain threshold.
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4 Differentiate B/W Qualitative Quantitative
Variables

• Qualitative Variable

• Quantitative Variable

• Qualitative data refers to the data that provides
  insights and understanding about a particular
  problem,The nature of data is Descriptive.
• The methods of collecting qualitative data are
  Exploratory.

• Quantitative data may be used in computation and
  statiscal test.It is concerned with measurements
  like height, weight speed ets.
• The methods used for the collection of data are
  Conclusive.

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• Quantitative Variable

• Qualitative Variable

• Its Approach is Subject.
• Nominal and Ordinal are the two main types of
  Qualitative Variable.
• Example Disease name (typhoid),gender,eye colour
  etc.

• Its approach is Objective.
• Numerical Value,Interval and Ratio are type of
  quantitative Variable.
• Example Pulse rate,Suger level, temperature in
  Celcius , weights etc.

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• Question Which type of variables we used in
  Biostatistics?
• Answer The variable we often used in
  Biostatistics is Quantitative variable, because
  we calculate the Pulse rate, Blood Pressure,
  Sugar level,and Test Results etc .These variable
  show their results in Numerical Reading.But at
  Same time,we also used Qualitative Variable
  example, Gender,Name and naming Disease and Drugs
  etc.

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Difference b/w Target and Sample Population

• Taget Population

• Sample population

• A target population is the aggregate of all the
  cases with a certain phenomenon about which the
  researchers would like to make a generalization.
• ExampleWe want ro know the opinions of the Kohat
  University students about examination system.

• It is the aggregate of cases that conform to
  designated criteria and are also accessible as
  subjects for a study.
• ExampleThe sample population may consist of
  total number of students in INS department.

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