WATER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

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Water Management
Water Management
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WATER MANAGEMENT
The Water Management program works with
communities to revive traditional water bodies,
construct water harvesting and conservation
infrastructure, and safe disposal of wastewater,
and promote safe drinking water with innovative
low-cost, sustainable technologies and WASH
behavior. It also empowers local communities to
take care of operation and maintenance for long
term sustainability of structures created.
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The water management program seeks opportunities
for continuous improvement and replication of
low-cost water management interventions.
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WHY DO WE NEED WATER MANAGEMENT?

• India sustains apx. 18 of worlds population
  with just 4 of worlds fresh water resources.
• The average annual per capita availability in
  1950 was more than 5000 cubic metres per person
  which has declined to 1,545 cubic metres in 2011
  and may further reduce to 1,367 cubic metres in
  2031. This per capita water availability is also
  not same throughout India.
• It makes India severely water-stressed, making it
  a national priority.
• The annual groundwater extraction in India for
  all uses is 245 BCM, out of which 217 BCM (89)
  is for irrigation use and 27 BCM (11 ) is for
  domestic uses.
• The crisis has worsened further due to climate
  change, which causes erratic and intense
  rainfall, coupled with a lack of infrastructure
  for safe disposal of wastewater in villages,
  leading to contamination of water resources, and
  giving rise to health and hygiene concerns.

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WATER RESOURCE AUGMENTATION

• Focuses on replenishing depleted underground
  aquifers and augmenting groundwater primarily
  with rainwater harvesting structures such as
  check dams, ponds, tanks, recharge wells etc.
• Improves the availability and quality of
  groundwater by recharging aquifers and provides
  water security to rural households and irrigating
  the crops.
• It also improves the soil moisture (green water)
  thats helps in reviving areas ecology and
  environment.
• Works with communities to revive traditional
  water bodies, and construct cost-effective water
  conservation and recharging structures to harvest
  surplus monsoon runoff.

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WATER RESOURCE AUGMENTATION

• Desilting and rejuvenation of traditional tanks
  in Kolar brought a sea change in availability of
  surface and groundwater in intervention villages
  which has translated in improved crop yields.
• Villagers Revive Kere habba, a lake festival,
  after 40 years in Kempasandra village of Kolar
• Farmers used tank silt in their field have
  reported that their yield of tomatoes, beans,
  ragi etc has almost doubled due to highly
  nutrient rich tank silt, good soil moisture
  retention and timely availability of adequate
  water for irrigation from their borewells
  following continuous recharging.
• Some of their wells started overflowing due to
  large scale recharging from tanks.

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WATER RESOURCE AUGMENTATION

• Similarly check dam constructed in Anantapur,
  Andhra Pradesh brough water back in their dried
  well as groundwater levels rose considerably in
  six villages after construction of 5 check dams.
• Farmers typically growing a single rainfed crop
  of groundnut only (which was highly loss making)
  but these farmers have now shifted to profit
  making crops such as maize, paddy, vegetables,
  oil seeds etc and taking two crops a year due to
  improved water availability.

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ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING

• Promotes installation of rooftop rainwater
  harvesting systems in public buildings that store
  rainwater in over-ground or underground tanks.
• The water is recharged in the saline aquifer to
  create a local source of fresh water inside it.
• It is passed through an appropriate filtering
  process prior to human consumption, eliminating
  the risk of biological and other contaminants
  from the rainwater.
• Excess water is recharged back into the ground.
• It has ensured access to safe water for drinking,
  sanitation and cooking mid day meal in schools.
• It has also improved retention rate of students
  due to lack of drinking water specially
  adolescent girls who use to escape school due to
  shortage of water for personal hygiene.

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SAFE DRINKING WATER

• Advocates the adoption of sustainable
  technologies to improve access to safe drinking
  water at end user for rural communities,
  preventing the spread of waterborne diseases.
• JalKalp biosand water filters and MatiKalp water
  filters are two such promoted innovations.
• JalKalp is effective against pathogens such as E.
  coli, total coliforms, parasites, microbes, and
  worms, as well as eliminating turbidity, iron,
  manganese, and arsenic contamination.
• MatiKalp takes care of pathogens, iron, and
  manganese present in water.

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WASH
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SOIL CONSERVATION

• Promotes a variety of soil and water conservation
  measures to maintain and improve soil fertility
  and productivity.
• With support from the communities, structures are
  built for soil and water conservation to improve
  soil moisture retention.
• Promotes large-scale plantations on water
  catchments to improve the quality of runoff, and
  the slow release of water which increases
  percolation into the soil.
• It helps in increasing availability of grass and
  fodder for milch animals and over all improvement
  of vegetation in the areas.

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WATER-CONSCIOUS COMMUNITIES

• Works closely with rural communities for
  judicious and sustainable use of water resources,
  use of safe drinking water, and WASH behavior.
• Actively engages in awareness sessions and
  literacy drives with all sections of the
  community, including women and youth, on
• judicious use of water,
• the importance of managing water resources,
• water budgeting,
• household water treatment,
• Safe disposal of domestic wastewater
• good hygiene and sanitation practices
• and operation and maintenance of water
  conservation/management structures for their long
  term sustainability
• It further aims to equip rural communities with
  skills to sustain their water resources and be
  water secure.

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INNOVATION AND COST-EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS AN
ABSOLUTE NEED

• Bihars Sitamarhi district faced challenges in
  wastewater disposal due to inadequate drainage,
  resulting in water accumulation and related
  diseases. Heres what the top rural development
  NGO in India did -
• The S M Sehgal Foundation addressed this as a
  part of the Adarsh Panchayat Bhandari project.
• Constructed soak pits using locally available
  materials and minimal assistance for reducing the
  risk of contamination of water resources and
  water borne diseases.

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• The soak pit allows only water into the pit,
  regulating water flow, and ensuring smooth
  drainage.
• It filters solid waste and replenishes the
  groundwater table with clean water.
• These cost-effective pits require minimal
  maintenance and contribute to sustainable
  wastewater management.

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ARSENIC REMOVAL IN GROUNDWATER

• Groundwater is vital for rural and urban domestic
  needs, however, a potent environmental pollutant,
  arsenic (As) poses a silent yet significant
  threat. Learn what the top sustainable rural
  development NGO in India did to tackle this issue
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• The S M Sehgal Foundation introduced JalKalp, an
  innovative biosand filter technology to address
  manganese, iron, and microbial contamination.

• This had a positive community impact, leading to
  health improvements and economic benefits.
• Those who considered contaminated water as
  harmless have adapted to safe drinking water.
• The foundation educated children in households to
  disseminate knowledge to create awareness within
  families.

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PRESENT ISSUES AND INSPIRATIONAL STORIES FROM THE
WATER DEFICIT REGIONS OF HARYANA
With a dearth of perennial surface water sources,
a staggering 78 of Nuh grapples with saline
groundwater. This dire shortage of clean water
amplifies sanitation and hygiene issues,
particularly affecting women. Addressing the
pressing concern of groundwater salinity, heres
what the top rural development NGO in India did -

• S M Sehgal Foundation partnered with the
  Millennium Alliance, an initiative for the
  installation of high-pressure recharge wells.

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• It has amplified rainwater harvesting models to
  create pockets of freshwater within the saline
  aquifer.
• These ingenious recharge wells replenish
  rainwater beneath the groundwater level,
  establishing a freshwater enclave amidst the
  saline expanse.
• These wells were seen in four schools in villages
  within the Nuh district.
• To ensure success and sustainability, the team
  worked closely with local villagers and generated
  awareness about its proper utilization.
• Remarkably, students and residents attested to
  the purity and quality of the water, equating it
  to the taste of commercially available packaged
  mineral water.

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