Bladder Cancer

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All About
BLADDER CANCER
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SYMPTOMS
Bladder cancer symptoms may vary, but common
signs include blood in the urine, frequent
urination, and painful urination. Individuals may
also experience lower back pain, pelvic
discomfort, or unexplained weight loss. Early
detection is crucial for effective treatment.
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DEFINITION
Bladder cancer originates in the bladder, a
hollow organ in the pelvis responsible for
storing urine. It typically begins in the
urothelial cells lining the bladder's inner
surface. However, it can also develop in other
bladder cells, such as squamous or glandular
cells.
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CAUSES
Various factors contribute to the development of
bladder cancer. Smoking is the leading cause,
with smokers being at a significantly higher risk
than non-smokers. Exposure to certain chemicals
in the workplace, such as arsenic and benzidine,
also increases the likelihood of developing
bladder cancer. Chronic bladder inflammation and
family history of the disease can elevate the
risk.
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TREATMENT OPTIONS
Treatment for bladder cancer depends on several
factors, including the stage and grade of the
cancer, as well as the patient's overall health
and preferences. Common treatment modalities
include
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SURGERY
Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT)
is often performed for early-stage bladder
cancer. In more advanced cases, cystectomy, which
involves removing part or all of the bladder, may
be necessary.
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CHEMOTHERAPY
Chemotherapy may be administered intravenously or
directly into the bladder (intravesical
chemotherapy) to kill cancer cells or reduce
tumour size before surgery.
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IMMUNOTHERAPY
Immunotherapy drugs, such as immune checkpoint
inhibitors, stimulate the body's immune system to
target and destroy cancer cells.
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RADIATION THERAPY
Radiation therapy utilizes high-energy rays to
kill cancer cells. It may be used as a primary
treatment or in combination with surgery or
chemotherapy.
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TARGETED THERAPY
Targeted therapy drugs specifically target cancer
cells, blocking the signals that allow them to
grow and divide.
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CONCLUSION
Bladder cancer is a complex disease with various
symptoms, causes, and treatment options. Early
detection and prompt treatment are crucial for
improving outcomes and quality of life for
individuals diagnosed with this condition.
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THANK YOU