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Usha Mittal Institute Of Technology
Technical Communication and Professional Ethics

Information Technology
Group No 1
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Public Toilets for Women in India Inadequate
Facilities Hamper Social and Financial Mobility
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History Evolution

• In England the first sanitation law was passed in
  1848. In India the first sanitation bill was
  introduced in 1878. It tried to make construction
• of toilets compulsory even in huts of Calcutta
  the capital of colonial India at that time. The
  Bill even proposed construction of public toilets
  
• at the cost neighbouring houses.

Modern EraSulabh International introduced the
pioneer technology of twin-pit pour flush
latrine. This gives an appropriate solution to
the disposal and recycling of human waste.,
Rajput EraThe period between 500 to 1500 AD
where in India had protrusions in which defection
was done and the excrements fell into the open
group river. The forts of Jaisalmer and big
houses on the banks of rivers bear testimony to
this fact.
Mughal EraThe Mughal King Jehangir built a
public toilet at Alwar, 120 km away from Delhi
for use of 100 families at a time in 1556 AD.
Harappan civilization In the remains of Harappan
civilization in india, at a place called Lothal
and in the year 2500, the people had water borne
toilets in each house which was linked with
drains covered with burnt clay bricks.
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Introduction
In many parts of the world, including India, the
lack of adequate public toilet facilities
specifically designed for women is a pressing
concern that significantly impacts their daily
lives. The inadequacy of these facilities extends
far beyond mere inconvenience, causing
substantial discomfort, posing serious hygiene
risks, and limiting the mobility of women in both
social and financial spheres. The implications
are profound, reaching into various aspects of
women's lives. Firstly, inadequate sanitation
facilities compromise hygiene, exposing women to
health risks that could otherwise be prevented
with proper facilities. Moreover, poorly lit and
insecure spaces compromise women's safety,
especially in public areas, creating an
environment where they feel vulnerable.
Availability of public toilets for women in India
50.7, 48, 37.2 of rural households in Odisha,
UP, Tamil Nadu respectively had no access to
toilets. In such scenario its plain to understand
the condition of public toilets specifically for
women.
National Statistical Office
35 of 229 surveyed public toilets in Delhi did
not have a separate section for women. 53 of
women toilets had no running water and 45 did
not have a mechanism
Action Aid India
Number of toilets in Mumbai for women is almost
one-third of number of toilets for men. Per the
study, there were 10,778 toilets for men and only
3,903 for women.
Praja Foundation,2017
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DIFFERENT ZONES OF PUBLIC TOILET IN INDIA

• Despite the less number of public toilets for
  women, Most women tend to avoid these public
  washrooms due to their
• extremely unhygienic conditions. 90 of Indian
  women afraid of using public washrooms. SAY NO
  TO DIRTY
• TOILETS stated, that the public washrooms be it
  the workplace, shopping malls or hotels are not
  clean and suitable
• to use in the country.

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The absence of toilets and the presence of
unhygienic and poorly- designed ones restrict
womens participation in the workforce in urban
area.
RISKS OF USING PUBLIC TOILET
Toilets are often located in secluded, unsafe
spots and they are often unsanitary.
Hygiene is of great concern, especially when
menstruators have to consider accessing a clean
bathroom for checking or changing their menstrual
product.
Location of Toilets
Unsanitary toilets increase the risk of
infection. Those who already have a higher chance
of contraction.
Lack of hygiene
Poorly designed toilets restrict womens
participation in the workforce and their
continued employment in urban area.
Risk of infection
Poor settlement related to women safety and
sanitary practices often generates.
Poorly designed toilets
Poor safety disciplines
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Public toilets in Rural India

• One of the biggest sanitation challenges India is
  facing is to provide women with the access to
  decent and safe toilets
• especially in rural areas. It is essential end to
  open defection(OD) in rural areas. Improved
  sanitation is key to lifting the status,
• Wellbeing and opportunities of women if we work
  on the following

Women to be part of decision making
For toilets to become part of the solution, women
need to be involved in decision making and
governance of the WASH activities
Strengthen self-help groups in the sanitation
sector
Hold regular weekly meetings deliver a uniform
set of messages repeatedly across the community
in rural areas.
Gender inclusive sanitation
Facilitating mens partnership to support women
in WASH processes is an emerging area.
Behavioral and mindset change
Sanitation is viewed as more than facility, but
an array of behaviors and needs that can be
overlooked by sanitation programes.
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TOILET CONSTRUCTION TOP FIVE STATES IN RURAL
INDIA 2018
MADHYA PRADESH
ANDHRA PRADESH
CHATTISGARH
GUJARAT
MAHARASHTRA
327,880
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
112,307
112,307
COMPLETED
41,442
24,349
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PUBLIC TOILETS IN URBAN INDIA

• Women have more than three times the odds of
  reporting avoidance behaviour if they perceive a
  community toilet to be unsafe
• even after controlling for other factors. Women
  may employ strategies to avoid urination of
  defection in the absence of
• safe sanitation in urban areas of India.
  Essential features of a female friendly toilet as
  follows

01
Be safe, private and spacious
Cater to menstrual and other hygiene management
requirements
02
Be affordable and available whenever needed
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URBAN POPULATION WITHOUT PUBLIC TOILET FOR WOMEN
ANDHRA PRADESH
MADHYA PRADESH
MAHARASHTRA
GUJARAT
CHATTISGARH
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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
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Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

• Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, also known as the Clean
  India Mission, was launched by the Prime Minister
  of India, Narendra Modi, on October 2, 2014. This
  date was chosen to coincide with the 145th birth
  anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated for
  cleanliness and sanitation as essential aspects
  of individual and community health.
• During the launch, Prime Minister Narendra Modi
  emphasized the significance of cleanliness and
  sanitation and urged all Indians to participate
  in the campaign actively. He highlighted the need
  to end open defecation and make India a clean and
  hygienic nation. The campaign's launch involved a
  nationwide cleanliness drive, with people from
  various walks of life, including government
  officials, celebrities, and common citizens,
  coming together to clean public spaces.
• Since its launch, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan has
  become one of the largest cleanliness campaigns
  in the world, with a focus on constructing
  toilets, promoting proper waste management, and
  raising awareness about the importance of
  cleanliness and hygiene for the overall
  well-being of society. The campaign has had a
  significant impact on improving sanitation
  facilities and promoting a culture of cleanliness
  across the nation.

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Key Factors about Campaign

• Key points

Women-Centric Approach Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
recognizes the specific needs of women regarding
sanitation. It focuses on constructing separate
and functional women's toilets in public areas
such as markets, bus stations, railway stations,
educational, etc
Accessibility Efforts are made to make women's
toilets accessible to all, including women with
disabilities and elderly women. Accessible
features such as ramps and handrails are
incorporated to facilitate ease of use.
Safety and Privacy Women's toilets built under
the campaign are designed with a focus on safety
and privacy. Adequate lighting, secure locks, and
proper ventilation are ensured to create a safe
environment for women to use these facilities.
Maintenance and Cleanliness Ensuring the regular
maintenance and cleanliness of women's toilets is
a key aspect of the campaign. Local authorities
and communities are encouraged to take
responsibility for the maintenance of these
facilities to ensure their usability over time.,
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FUNDS RAISED BY GOVERNMENT

• The central government has still to release 46
  of funds provisioned for constructing toilets
  under the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban),
  according to this reply to the Lok Sabha (lower
  house of Parliament) by the ministry of housing
  and urban affairs on July 26, 2017.
• The Centre has allocated Rs 4,819 crore from
  October 2, 2014, when the scheme was launched, to
  October 2, 2019 for the construction of
  individual household latrines and community
  toilets.
• The Centre has cumulatively released Rs 2,595
  crore or 54 of funds to state governments and
  union territories. While the Swachh Bharat
  Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) has sent India on a
  toilet construction spree, between January 2015
  and December 2016, it was found that 51.6 of
  households across the country did not use an
  improved sanitation facilitya system that
  separates human excreta from human contact.
• As of July 27, 2017, household toilet
  availability has improved from 38.7 as on
  October 2, 2014 to 65.71 as on July 27, 2017,
  according to data from the ministry of drinking
  water and sanitation. However, there is no
  third-party verification of this reported
  progress.

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TECHNOLOGIES

• That are used in womens public toilets and for
  their safety

1.
These units allow for the safe disposal of used
sanitary napkins, promoting menstrual hygiene and
environmental sustainability.
Biodegradable Sanitary Napkin Disposal Units
Automatic Sanitary Napkin Vending Machines
2.
These machines provide affordable and easily
accessible sanitary napkins to women, ensuring
they have access to menstrual hygiene products
when needed.
sensor-based fixtures, including automatic flush
systems, sensor-operated faucets, and touchless
soap dispensers. These fixtures reduce physical
contact with surfaces, promoting hygiene and
reducing the spread of germs.
3.
Sensor-Based Fixtures
4.
Used for the safe disposal of used sanitary
napkins and other menstrual waste, incinerators
burn waste at a high temperature, reducing it to
ashes and minimizing environmental impact.
Incinerators
5.
Public toilets are equipped with LED lighting for
energy efficiency. In some cases, solar power
systems are installed to provide a sustainable
source of energy, especially in areas with
inconsistent power supply.
LED Lighting and Solar Power
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APPS FOR PUBLIC TOILETS

• Toilet Locator
• This app helps users find clean and hygienic
  public toilets nearby. It provides information
  about the location, facilities available, and
  user ratings. Users can filter results to find
  toilets specifically for women.

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APPS FOR PUBLIC TOILETS

• Swachhata-MoHUA
• This official app by the Ministry of Housing and
  Urban Affairs, Government of India, allows users
  to locate nearby public toilets, track their
  usage, and provide feedback on cleanliness. The
  app also provides information about Swachh Bharat
  Abhiyan initiatives.

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IMPROVEMENTS
Education and Awareness
Menstrual Hygiene
Regular inspections and audits can ensure that
public toilets adhere to standards and
guidelines, guaranteeing a consistent level of
quality.
Encouraging local communities to take ownership
of public toilets can lead to better upkeep and a
sense of responsibility among users.
Conducting awareness campaigns about proper
toilet usage, menstrual hygiene, and general
cleanliness can encourage responsible use of
public facilities.
Providing sanitary napkin vending machines and
disposal units in women's toilets can support
menstrual hygiene management.
Regular Inspections
Community Participation
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FUTURE ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
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CONCLUSION